ERIZZO,S.

Discorso di M. Sebastiano Erizzo sopra le Medaglie degli Antichi. Con la dichiaratione delle Monete Consulari & delle Medaglie de gli Imperadori Romani. Nel'a qual si contiene una piena & varia cognitione del'Istoria di quei tempi. Di nuovo in questa quarta editione dall'istesto authore revisto, & ampliato.

Venice (In Vinegia), Appresso Gio. Varisco & Paganino Paganini, n.d. (ca. 1584). 8vo. 4to. 2 parts in 1: (XVI),572;282 p., numerous woodcut illustrations. Modern 20th century vellum. 22 cm (Ref: Edit16 CNCE 18279: 'non prima del 1584'; Graesse 2,498; Ebert 6901; Brunet 2,1047) (Details: Modern vellum in antique style. Back with 3 raised bands. Boards panelled. Title within woodcut symmetric architectural borders. The printer's mark is a crowned double-tailed Sirene (Sirena bicaudata), who holds the end of her tails in her hand. (This creature from medieval mythology was chosen in 1971 as logo of Starbucks. The poor creature has been revised several times to simplify it and remove any obvious nudity) Numerous woodcut illustrations in the text of coins and medals) (Condition: Upper half of first 180 pages waterstained; margins of the title thumbed) (Note: The The Italian Renaissance scholar 'Messer' Sebastiano Erizzo was born in 1525 in an illustrious Venetian noble family. He received a thorough humanistic education, and achieved full mastery of Latin, and an excellent knowledge of Greek language and literature. He became a member of the Venetian Council of Ten. The reputation of his remarkable coin collection brought many visitors to Venice. He became an expert in the field, and a master of the science of numismatics, which was still in an embryonic state. In 1559 he published his first edition of 'Discorsi' on the coins and medals of the ancients. Accompanied by numerous engravings this work aims at presenting a history of Roman coinage of the Republican and Imperial period, extending until the age of Probus. The display of religious and military insignia, architecture, ceremonies, gestures, faces, hierarchies, tools, weapons, animals, garments, sacrifices constitute a very effective source of information on Roman antiquity, he argued. He died in Venice 1585. (Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (1993)) Erizzo is also known for his his novel 'Sei Giornate' (Six Days) published in 1567. It consists of 6 'Giornate' of 6 stories each. The narrators are students of the University of Padua, who meet in a delightful garden on 6 successive Wednesdays in the months June and July, 1542. The stories are moralizing in character, and there is an almost total absence of amorous themes) (Collation: Quarto in 8 leaves. a8, A-2N8 (minus leaf 2N7 & 2N8); A-S8 (leaf S6 blank; minus leaves S7 & S8)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130354

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Italian imprint Medaillen Münzen Numismatik Roman history antike altertum antiquity coins medals numismatics römische Geschichte

ESTIENNE,H.

Apologie pour Hérodote, ou traité de la conformité des merveilles anciennes avec les modernes par Henri Estienne. Nouvelle Édition, faite sur la première, augmentée de tout ce que les posterieures ont de curieux, et de remarques par Mr. Le Duchat, avec une table alphabétique des matieres.

The Hague (à La Haye), Chez Henri Scheurleer, 1735. 8vo. 2 volumes in 3: (IV),XXXVI,200,(48 index); (IV), p. 201 - 624; (IV),(IV),434 p., 3 engraved frontispieces. 19th or 20th century calf. 17 cm 'Stephanus plays an important role in the reception of Herodotus' (Ref: STCN ppn 213119420; Hoffmann 2,242/43; Brunet 2,1077; Graesse 2,506; Ebert 6972: 'Unmutilated and enlarged edition with good observations'; Renouard p. 126/28, who calls this 1735 edition 'bien imprimée' and 'la seule complète') (Details: Tasteful binding in antique style: backs elaborately gilt, and with one brown and one dark red morocco shield on each back. Boards with gilt triple fillet borders. Gilt inner dentelles, Edges of the boards also gilt. Marbled endpapers. The three frontispieces are satirical against the catholic church. Titles in red & black. The engraved printer's marks depict a flying Mercurius, with a helmet and a caduceus, the motto reads: 'Erudit et ditat'. Edges of the bookblock uncut) (Condition: Nice copy. Some slight wear to the bindings) (Note: In 1566 the French scholar/printer Henri Estienne, latinized as Henricus Stephanus, ca. 1530-1598, published a revised Latin translation of Herodotus' 'Historiae' made by Lorenzo Valla. In the introduction, 'Apologia pro Herodoto', Estienne tried to defend the veracity of Herodotus as a historian. Valla's translation was first published in 1474. 1502 saw the 'editio princeps' of the Greek text. In the same time the work of the ancient detractors and critics of this Greek historian came on the market, especially Plutarch's 'De Herodoti malignitate' (1509), but also works of Aristotle (Herodotus is ignorant), Flavius Josephus (he is a liar), Strabo (he likes to tell simple stories), Lucianus (does not tell the truth), Gellius (he invents stories). The supporters of Herodotus were in the minority. We only mention Cicero, who called him 'Pater historiae'. So, after Henri Estienne had published this revised Latin translation of Valla, he decided to try his talents as a critic on Herodotus, and wrote in the historian's defence in French his 'Apologie pour Hérodote', more or less to accompany the revised Latin translation of Valla. With the above mentioned 'Apologia pro Herodoto', a treatise in Latin full of philological niceties, and quotations from Greek and Roman authors, to be read by a humanist forum, and his 'Apologie pour Hérodote', written for a much broader public, Henri Estienne plays an important role in the history of the reception of Herodotus. Estienne's 'Apologie' became a famous libel against the catholic church, and belongs now to the French literature of the 16th century. The pretext and point of departure is whether Herodotus is reliable. In the text is to be found a flood of abuse, obscene stories, bitter attacks on monks, and smut meant to discredit the catholics. The magistrats of Geneva, the city where the book was printed, forced Henri Estienne to withdraw coarse stories and expressions and to replace them with more readable stories. (See Renouard) Estienne was exiled, and spent the rest of his life in several cities in France and Germany. All the changes, and the omitted and censured passages in the following editions after the edition of 1566, have carefully been collected in this edition of 1735, 'qui est bien imprimée, point très rare, et la seule complète'. Brunet: 'cette édition est préférable aux précédents à cause des remarques qu'elle contient. Le 21e chapitre y est entier'. Chapter 21 contained an article 'Concubinage'. This offensive passage is summarized in the introduction of this 1735 edition as follows: 'Il s'y agit d'un Cordelier (a Franciscan monk) de Venize, lequel par charité mena une jeune fille dans son couvent, & l'y entretint sécrétement pendant plusieurs années. Que l'on croie que la charité fût le seul motif qui engageât le Cordelier à en agir de la sorte, c'est ce que nous n'exigeons point de nos lecteurs, d'autant qu'au raport de H. Estienne, la fille étoit de corps assés gentil,& de beauté on a mépriser; aussi cette prétendue charité fut elle tres mal récompensée. Les curieux verront de quelle maniere en jetant les yeux sur l'article même'. (Vol. 1, Avertissement p. IX & X) The 'Apologie pour Hérodote' saw, according to Hoffmann, and the editor of the 1735 edition, 13 (revised) reissues. This 1735 edition is the last and most complete) (Collation: Volume 1,1: pi2, *-2*8, 3*2; A-P8, Q1/4 (the second half of this gathering is at the beginning of volume 1,2), a4, e8, i8, o4. Volume 1,2: pi2, Q5/8, R8-2T8. Volume 2: pi2, *2, A-L8, M6, chi1, N-Q8, R6, 2chi1, S-Y8, Z6, 3chi1, 2A-2D8, 2E4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120327

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Binding French literature Greek literature Griechische Literatur Henri Estienne Henricus Stephanus Herodot Herodotus Humanismus Renaissance antike altertum antiquity catbiografie französiche Literatur humanism satire satyra

EUCLIDES.

De ses eerste boeken der beginselen van Euclides op een korte en klare manier gedemonstreert door Henrick Coets, lector in de Mathesis te Leyden. Met eene voorreden, en eenige aanmerkingen verrykt door Wilhelmus La Bordus. Den derden druck, veel verandert en verbeetert.

Leiden (Te Leyden), By Samuel Luchtmans, Ordinaris Stads Drukker, 1740. 8vo. (X),435,(1 blank) p. Half calf 17.5 cm (Ref: Geerebaert 36,9,b; OiN 174) (Details: Back with 4 raised bands. Red morocco shield in the second compartment. Title in red & black. Numerous woodcut geometric illustrations in the text) (Condition: Cover worn. Back rubbed. Small tear in the head of the spine. Two old ownership entries on the title) (Note: Euclides was a Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd cent. B.C. He wrote the most famous book in the history of mathematics, the 'Elements'. His work was intended for teaching, and follows a deductive approach. 'Euclid's fame is unquestionably attached to the success of the Elements. The number and relative antiquity of manuscript copies, the number of translations, abridged versions, and other adaptations, the variety of comments that have sprung from his text which has enjoyed a large number of editions, prove the immense significance it has had in the history and teaching of mathematics'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass. 2010, p. 345/6) § Henrick Coets, the translator of this text, was appointed professor of Mathematics (Lector der Wiskunde in het Nederduitsch) of the University at Leiden in 1701. He was to teach mathematics in Dutch. He died in 1730. He wrote also two books on sundials. (Van der Aa, 3,601) This is the 3rd revised edition produced by a successor Wilhelmus La Bordus, who was promoted to the same chair in 1734. He died in 1757. (Van der Aa, 2-1, 912)) (Provenance: Near the upper edge of the title 'B.E. Paravicini di Capelli'. The Dutchman Bartholomeus Eduard Paravicini di Capelli was born in Breda in 1724. His family was of Swiss origin. He may have used this book during his studies and later. Since 1788 he was the Chief of the artillery of the Dutch army. In 1794/95 he fought in the Allied Forces against the French army in the North of France. He died in 1810. The second name on the title is also of a gunner, and reads: 'W. Frowein, Sergeant'. He too may have read and used this book to his advantage. In the 'Nederlandsche Staatscourant' no. 240, of 25 nov. 1842, we found that one 'W. Frowein', sergeant major, was promoted by King William of the Netherlands to First Lieutenant of the second Batallion of the Artillery of Gelderland) (Collation: *6 (minus blank leaf *6); A-2D8, 2E2 (leaf 2E2 verso blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120368

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: &Lucht (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertumswissenschaft Antike Antiquity Euclides Euklid Greek literature Griechische Literatur Luchtmans Mathematik ancient classical philology mathematics

EUNAPIUS.

EUNAPIOU TOU SARDIANOU BIOI philosophôn kai sophistôn. Eunapius Sardianus, De vitis philosophorum et sophistarum, Hadriano Iunio Hornano interprete. Graeca cum mss. Palatinis comparata, aucta & emendata Hieronymi Commelini opera. Nunc recens accedunt eiusdem auctoris Legationes, e bibliotheca Andreae Schotti Antverpiani.

N.pl. (Geneva), Oliva Pauli Stephani, 1616. 8vo. 169,(1),(5 index),(1 blank) p. 18th century boards. 17 cm (Ref: Hoffmann 2,65; Renouard, Stephani, 497 (erronously dating 1612); Schweiger 1,114; Graesse 2,518; Ebert 7069; Brunet 2,1094) (Details: Woodcut printer's mark on the title, depicting a man on his knees under an olive tree, he is praying; some branches are broken off and are falling down; from the mouth of the man comes on a banner the motto: 'rami ut ego insererer defracti sunt', 'the branches were broken off, that I might be graffed in'. (Romans 11,19) The text is printed in 2 colums, Greek text with opposing Latin translation) (Condition: Binding soiled and worn. Back chafed. Title page foxed. Paper yellowing) (Note: The Greek neo-Platonist Eunapius was born in Sardes ca. 345 A.D. He was an admirer of the last pagan emperor Julian, and a convinced opponent of christianity. His historical work survives, owing to its anti-christian tenor, only in excerpts. Still extant are the 'Lives of the Sophists' written about A.D. 396. 'They follow Philostratus' model (Life of Apollnius) and on the basis of first-hand information deal mainly with 4th century Neoplatonists. Eunapius gives an idealized picture in order to compete with the biographies of Christian saints'. (OCD 2nd ed. 416) The 'editio princeps' was published in 1568 in Antwerp. This edition already had the Latin translation of the humanist Hadrianus Junius, or in Dutch Adriaen de Jonghe, who was born in 1511 in Hoorn. From the presses of the Flemish scholar/printer Hieronymus Commelinus, 1550?-1597, came the next Eunapius edition, Heidelberg 1596. It was reissued with exact the same title by Paulus Stephanus in 1616. Commelinus, a native of Douai and a protestant, had to flee because of the persecutions. In 1569 he is a student in Heidelberg, and in 1572 he surfaces as bookseller in Geneve, where he cooperates with Pierre de St. André (Officina Sanctandreana). He immatriculates for the second time in Heidelberg in 1585, and is invited in 1587 by the Prince-Elector (Elector Palatinus) to establish a printshop as typographus principis'. Commelinus' special interest were the publishing of classical texts, edited by great scholars like Casaubon, Scaliger and Gruter. He often did so with the help of manuscripts from the local 'Bibliotheca Palatina'. Commelinus himself was also active as an editor. In the short preface to this Eunapius edition Commelinus tells how he found 2 Greek manuscripts in the Library of the Prince-Elector (now known as Bibliotheca Palatina), compared them with the text of the 'editio princeps', which was edited quite insufficiently (Eunapiio ita misere affecto), and how he in doing so could correct and supplement Eunapius. (Collatis itaque Palatinis duobus cum editione Iunii, quae tuto potuere, correxi, supplevi) (Leaf a2 recto). Commelinus printshop produced in 10 years nearly 140 editions. This 1616 edition was produced by Paul Estienne, who had taken over the Estienne-firm in Geneva after the death of his father Henri Estienne (Henricus Stepanus II). With him ends the Geneva branch of the printer's dynasty of the Estiennes. Renouard lists between 1603 and 1627 only 27 editions) (Provenance: On the front pastedown in pencil: '13 maart 1963', written by the Flemish linguist Walter Couvreur, 1914-1996, who was an Orientalist, and professor of Indoeuropean linguistics at the University of Gent. It indicates the date of aquisition. The place of acquisition he wrote on the flyleaf at the end: 'Groningen, Bouma'. The price was 8 guilders) (Collation: A - L-8) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120135

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Biographie Estienne Greek literature Greek philosophy Greek text Griechische Literatur Latin translation Stephanus Swiss imprints antike altertum antiquity biography griechische Philosophie

EURIPIDES.

Euripides poeta, Tragicorum princeps, in Latinum sermonem conversus, adiecto e regione textu Graeco: cum annotationibus et praefationibus in omnes eius Tragoedias, autore Gasparo Stiblino. Accesserunt, Iacobi Micylli, De Euripidis vita, ex diversis autoribus collecta; item De Tragoedia & eius partibus 'prolegomena' quaedam. Item Ioannis Brodaei Turonensis Annotationes doctiss. nunquam antea in lucem editae. Ad haec, rerum & verborum toto opere praecipue memorabilium copiosus index. Cum Caes. Maiest. & Christianiss. Gallorum Regis gratia ac privilegio, ad decennium.

Basel (Basileae), Per Ioannem Oporinum, (1562) (Colophon at the end: 'Basileae, Ex officina Ioannis Oporini, Anno salutis humanae 1562, mense Martio'). Folio. p. 1-667; col. 668-679, (1 p.), col. 680-845; (23 index) p. Contemporary blind-stamped pigskin over wooden boards. 34 cm This Euripides edition is the first to offer a Greek text accompanied by a (complete) translation into Latin. Autograph dedication by the editor on the title. (Ref: VD16 E 4217; Griechischer Geist aus Basler Pressen no. 200; Hoffmann 2,69; Schweiger 1,115; Dibdin 1,528; Moss 1,416; Brunet 2,1096; Ebert 7077; Graesse 2,519; USTC no. 654877) (Details: Signed binding, produced between 1562 and 1570 by Hans Rietzsch, and probably commissioned by Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Friedrich von Wirsberg, or his chancellor Balthasar ab Hellu. (See below for the binder and his client) Back with 4 raised bands. Boards decorated with 3 rows of blind-stamped rolls, the first one with floral motives, the second and third comprising portraits of apostles and other biblical figures, and floral motives; the portraits are accompanied by short texts which are reasonably legible, e.g. King David, playing his harp, he has the text: 'De fructu ventris tui'; this refers to Psalm 131,11, where God promisses David: 'iuravit Dominus David veritatem et non frustrabit eum de fructu ventris tui ponam super sedem suam'. Left and right of David's head the initials H and R. Another blind-stamped portrait depicts the apostle Paul, whose text is: 'Apparuit beningita(s)' (sic!), a quote from a letter of Paul to Titus. (Ep. Pauli ad Titum 3,4) The initials H.R. stand for 'Hans Rietzsch', a Würzburg bookbinder, of whom the University library of Würzburg holds a great number of bindings, which can be dated between 1555 and 1570. Rietzsch often used on 'his' boards rolls depicting King David, John the Baptist, the apostle Paul. (H. Endres, 'Die Zwickauer Buchbinder Hans Rietzsch und Gregor Schenck und ihre Beziehungen zu Würzburg', Archiv für Buchbinderei 26 (1926) p. 13-16) Woodcut printer's mark on the title of Oporinus, depicting Arion, who stands on the dolphin that saved him, he plays the violin. Woodcut initials. 1 woodcut text illustration. Text printed in 2 columns, Greek text with parallel Latin translation. Each play is concluded with a short 'praefatio' of Stiblinus, who added also short notes. The last 185 columns contain the commentary of Johannes Brodaeus) (Condition: Vellum age-toned, spotted, scratched, and worn at the extremes. Small piece gone at head of the spine. Leather of the lower corner of the backcover loosening and damaged. The lower clasp has been preserved, the upper one is partly gone. Small bookplate on the front pastedown. Ownership entry in ink on the same pastedown. Inscription on the blank lower margin of the title. The right edge of the title slightly thumbed. Paper sometimes yellowing) (Note: 'With Sophokles Greek tragedy reaches its culmination. Euripides, great poet though he was, represents the first symptom of the inevitable decline, for in him we can recognize a certain impatience with the form he found ready to his hand'. This is how Rose started his chapter on Greek tragedian Euripides, ca. 480-406 B.C., some 80 years ago. (H.J. Rose, 'A history of Greek literature', p. 177 in the 4th edition of 1965) That opinion has now been superseded. Euripides' play 'The Bacchae', which drew little attention before 1900, 'has come to seem one of the defining models of Greek tragedy and even of tragedy itself, rivalling Aeschylus' Oresteia and Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Antigone'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambridge Mass. 2010, p. 347) For this, Euripides has to thank the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The upsurge was caused by his 'Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik' (Leipzig 1872) in which he drew attention to the idea of 'the Dionysiac', a key element in the 'Bacchae'. This idea 'has had a massive influence, not only on understandings of tragedy, but on theories of theatrical performances itself'. (Idem, ibidem) Until the end of the 18th century especially Euripides' Medea, Alcestis, Trojan women and Hippolytus, with a powerful Phaedra, created the dominant image of Euripides. He was 'admired mainly for creating icons of female suffering'. In Andromaque (1667), Iphigénie (1674) Phèdre (1677), of the French playwright Racine we see the influence of Euripides. Alcestis, a model of self sacrifice, inspired Chaucer, Milton, Woodworth, Rilke, Browning, T.S. Elliot, Yourcenar. Comparable lists can be made for Medea and Phaedra. The play 'The Trojan women', a story of women in a great war, has throughout the 20th century 'frequently been staged in times of war across the globe from Moscow to Brazil and Germany to Japan'. (Idem, ibidem). § This Euripides edition of 1562 is the first to offer a Greek text accompanied by a (complete) translation into Latin. Earlier editions of Euripides had only the bare Greek text. It furthermore is the first Euripides edition to have textual notes. It appears from the dedication that the editor, the German humanist Gasparus Stiblinus (or Gaspar Stiblin, Caspar Stiblin, Kaspar Stiblin, Kaspar Stüblin), who was born in 1526 in the South German village Amtzell, saw more male suffering in Euripides' tragedies. The 'Dedicatio' concerns the emperor Ferdinand I (1503-1564), who had supported his career. Stiblinus calls Euripides the best of the tragedians, and argues that his tragedies are an emperor worthy. He stresses that Euripides is excellent reading, especially for those in power and the wealthy, for the vicissitudes of fortune about which the tragedian writes, learn the rich and powerful to prepare for misfortune and to lead a virtuous life. The world of power and the republic of letters of the 16th century is however a men's world, so Stiblinus draws the attention of the emperor to the uncertain and often cruel fate of Polynices, Eteocles, Theseus, Amphitryon, Hercules, Menelaus, Agamemnon, Odysseus, and the Cyclops. After the dedication follows a preface (ad lectorem), dated 1558, in which Stiblinus tells the reader that the Basel publisher Oporinus urged him to produce for his press a new translation for a envisaged Euripides edition. Stiblinus honestly admits that he made some use of the Latin translation of Dorotheus Camillus, which had been published in 1555 in Basel by the same Oporinus (expensis Ioannis Oporini). We may assume that Oporinus was not satisfied with the translation of Camillus, and asked Stiblinus to do a better job, for the translator boasts in the preface that his translation is more august, more reliable, and in smoother and more correct Latin. ('augustior, luculentior, et honesto ac Romano habitu commendatior'. (p. a4 verso) Stiblinus goes on to tell that while preparing the edition, the translation (which is more or less iambic) and the annotations, he was able to consult books from the library of the famous classical scholar Beatus Rhenanus (1485-1547). He did so with permission of the government of Schlettstadt, nowadays Sélestat in the Alsace. (Rhenanus had bequeathed his invaluable collection of books to his hometown Schlettstadt, where it is still to be seen in the Humanist Library of Sélestat) Stiblinus furthermore divided, he writes, each play into 5 acts to make the reading easier. He added also at the beginning of each play, and of every act, a short 'argumentum', a kind of plot-summary, and notes. He continues with the acknowledgment of his debt to Johannes Hartung, his teacher in Freiburg (praeceptorem meum), who introduced him to Euripides. He thanks him for lending him his vast collection of notes on Euripides' tragedies and references to other authors. On page 630, at the beginning of the last play, the Electra, (a play that was first published only in 1545 in Rome) Stiblinus has added a second 'praefatio', now dated Freiburg I.Br. 1560, in which he tells the reader that he inserted into his commentary on the Electra many notes of Johannes Hartung, which he dictated to his students. Stiblinus' Latin translation of the Electra is the first to appear. This 1562 edition contains furthermore 2 short texts of Jacobus Micyllus (Molsheym) of Heidelberg, who died 1558, a biography of Euripides and a treatise on tragedy. Added is also a commentary to 11 plays produced by the French scholar Johannes Brodaeus (Brodeau) of Tours, of which the title states that it was never published before. It was however published previously in Paris in 1545. As a scholar and translator of Euripides however Stiblinus met the ill fate of an Euripidean character. In the same year 1562, Holzmann published in Frankfurt a translation in prose of Euripides by the famous German humanist Philipp Melanchthon, a translation which was far better. And the Dutch scholar Willem Canter, 1545-1572, published in 1571 a Greek text that made all earlier editions obsolete. Stiblinus' edition and translation were soon forgotten. 'L'Éuripide de Stiblin avait désormais fait naufrage pour toujours dans la mer grise des entreprises manquées'. (Firpo,L. 'Les Utopies à la Renaissance', Bruxelles, Paris 1963, p. 125/26) This article of Firpo is the beginning of the Euripidean 'renaissance' of Stiblinus. Until recently little was known of Stiblinus. ADB does not know him. Zedler and Jöcher only mention a few titles of him. In VD16 we harvested for Stiblinus 17 hits: 8 own productions, among which an edition of the letters of Phalaris, and 11 contributions to works of others. The oldest title dates from 1555. Johannes Oporinus published in that year Stiblinus' works 'Coropaedia, sive de moribus et uita Virginum sacrarum, libellus planè elegans, ac saluberrimis praeceptis refertus. Eiusdem Eudaemonensium Republica Commentariolus', of which the last one, the 'Eudaemonensium Republica' ('Happinesham', in German 'Seligland') would save him from oblivion. (See hereafter for this utopian treatise) In 1559 Stiblinus was called by the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Friedrich von Wirsberg, 1507-1573, to teach Greek at a newly founded 'Paedagogium Illustre'. The bishop, who wanted to revive Greek and Latin studies in his town, did so on the advice of his chancellor Balthasar ab Hellu. 'Désireux de reconstruire dans la capitale de la Franconie (Würzburg) un centre d'études, le prince-évêque Friedrich von Wrisbert (sic!) s'était adressé, peu de mois après son élection (1558), au juriste Balthazar von Hell (sic), alsacien de Haguenau, et sur son conseil appela durant l'été de 1559 'ad docendum bonas litteras . honestis propositis praemiis' (.) notre Stiblin, pour l'enseignement du grec'. (L. Firpo, o.c. p. 126) After some delay, Stiblinus finally got his chair in Würzburg in spring 1561. His inaugural lecture, read before the bishop and other dignitaries, was on the Holy Spirit. (Firpo, p. 130). Stiblinus died shortly after his appointment, probably in 1562, in Würzburg, about 36 years old. (Idem, p. 132) § Stiblinus, who was of humble origin, matriculated at the University of Freiburg i.Br. on January 19th 1548. He became 'magister artium' and was immediately appointed professor of Latin in 1551 at a modest salary of 15 florins a year, 'salaire de famine' according to Firpo. (Idem, p. 110) In 1553 he fled from the Plague and went to Schlettstatt in the Alsace, where he was the next 6 years in charge of the famous humanist school, where he taught Latin, and had also time to browse and study in the library of Beatus Rhenanus. There he wrote in the summer of 1553, free from dull lecturing, (scholae molestias pertaesus) his 'De Eudaemonensium Republica Commentariolus', the description of a Happy City called Eudaemonia, the capital of the utopian island Macaria, situated somewhere in the Indian Ocean. It was published by Oporinus in Basle in 1555. This treatise makes Stiblinus the first German Utopist, and the first to create a fictional island society after Thomas More's, who published his Utopia in 1516. If Stiblinus knew More's Utopia is not sure. Interest in this forgotten 'Utopia' of Stiblinus was revived some 50 years ago by Luigi Firpo, who blew the dust from it in an article in 'Les Utopies à la Renaissance, Colloque International (avril 1961)'. Bruxelles Paris 1963, p. 117-134) His article placed Stiblinus in the current and ongoing Utopia discussion, and paved the way for the admittance of the humanist Stiblin in the cultural and literary history of Germany. (J.J. Berns in 'Literatur und Kultur im deutschen Südwesten zwischen Renaissance und Aufklärung', Amsterdam 1995, p. 153/154) Stiblinus has his own street in Amtzell, the village where he was born, the 'Kaspar-Stüblin-Weg'. (A good survey of this born again humanist in: 'Killy Literaturlexikon', Berlin/Boston, 2011, Vol. 11, p. 259/61) § The interest in Stiblinus as a classical scholar was revitalized by the American Euripides expert Donald Mastronarde in 2009, when he launched a blog 'Stiblinus’ Prefaces and Arguments on Euripides (1562)'. In it he argues that this 'rare edition is of considerable interest for the early scholarly reception of Euripides because it includes short prefaces and plot-summaries (Latin argumenta) for each play in addition to the Greek epitomes and prefatory material transmitted in the medieval manuscripts. In contrast, most other early printed editions of tragedy simply repeat the scholarly and pedagogical annotations from the manuscripts, if they do not simply confine themselves to the text of the plays themselves'. On this website Mastronarde offers Stiblinus’ prefaces and argumenta, accompanied by an English translation, 'so that they can be studied in connection with the reception of Euripides and tragedy in the 16th century'. (ucbclassics.dreamhosters.com/djm/stiblinus/stiblinusMain.html) (Provenance: 1. Autograph inscription of Gasparus Stiblinus on the title: 'Egregio et summae spei juveni D. Balthasari ab Hellu B.A.H. amico suo chariss.(imo) Gasparus Stiblinus D. D'. From this inscription we learn that Stiblinus donated this book to his good friend Balthasar ab Hellu. Does B.A.H. simply mean 'Balthasar Ab Hellu'? We assume that Stiblinus gave him the book to thank him for his chair in Würzburg. The name, 'Ab Hellu' or in Dutch 'Van Hellu' is found in the Dutch province of Gelderland, where Hellu was a centuries old Seigniory. No mention is made of Balthasar in ADB, nor in the Dutch equivalent NNBW. Balthasar ab Hellu was a descendant of empoverished Dutch nobility. His father emigrated to the Elzas, where he found refuge in Hagenau. Balthasar was born there in 1518. He studied law in Freiburg i.Br., where he matriculated as 'Balthasarius de Heller ex Haganoia" and in 1555 he participated as 'Syndikus und Stadtschreiber' of the city of Colmar in the important 'Reichtag' of Augsburg of 1555, where it was decided 'cuius regio, eius religio', i.e. that the subjects had to adopt the religion of their ruler. In Augsburg he probably met Prince-Bishop Melchior Zobel, who engaged him in 1556 as Chancellor. As Chancellor, which meant also Prime Minister, and diplomat he travelled a lot to promote the interest of the 'Landsberger Bund', a kind of defense organisation of several states in the South of Germany. His salary (Dinstgelt) was 300 florins. (Archiv des Historische Vereins Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg, Würzburg 1840, p. 55) 'Ab 1570 musste er allerdings mehrfach Termine absagen wegen Erkrankungen, so im Oktober 1573 wegen Rückenschmerzen. Wahrscheinlich begann er aber bereits da an einem Geschwür zu leiden, denn im Oktober 1574 bezeichnete das Domkapitel den noch nicht 60jährigen bereits als 'unvermüglich und alt' und beriet über seine Ablösung'. (K. Karrer, 'Johannes Posthius, (1537-1597): Verzeichnis der Briefe und Werke', Wiesbaden 1993, p. 153/154). Ab Hellu had an operation in 1575, but remained at his post till the day he died, January 9, 1577. On the internet we found the following scattered data concerning Balthasar ab Hellu, especially in volume V of the correspondence of Petrus Canisius. ('Beati Petri Canisii Societatis Iesu Epistolae et acta', Volume V, Freiburg.Br., 1910, edited by O. Braunsberger) This volume contains Canisius' correspondence between 1565 and 1567. Canisius doesnot mention Balthasar by name, he refers to him in a few letters (letter 1259, 1290 & 1309) as the 'Cancellarius' or 'Cancellarius Herbipolensis' (= Würzburg) of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Friedrich von Wirsberg. From the letters and the commentary of Braunsberger, we collected the following: Balthasar was a jurist (iuris peritus), and a strong defender of the Catholic church against the protestants. In a letter of 15 november 1565 Canisius complains that the funding of the new Collegium of the Jesuits in Würzburg did not make any progress, because the bishop was too parcimoneous (parcus, si non tenax). This, he tells, was told him by the 'Cancellarius', who asked him to convince his bishop to pump money into the project. (Letter 1259) In november 1566 we see Canisius during one of his visits to Würzburg cooperate with the 'Chancellor' in establishing the Collegium, and finding money for it. (Letter 1290) In february 1566 Canisius writes in a letter that the Chancellor opposed the plans of the bishop to mobilize troops for a war against the Turcs. This story does not end well, as we saw. We found the following epitaph for 'Balthasar de Hellu' among the occasional poetry of Johannes Posthius, 1537-1597: 'Epitaphium D. BALTHASARIS AB HELLU, Cancellarii Wirzeburgici" / Balthasar hoc requiem ducit post fata sepulcro,/ Qui genus a claris nobile duxit avis./ Eloquio praestans, et rebus natus agendis,/ Non sine laude suo praefuit officio./ Novit id Herbipolis, novit Germania tota,/Huius et est magni Caesaris aula memor./ Haud senio fractus, rodente sed ulcere partem/Vesicae, lenta morte miser periit./ Nunc gravibus curis omnique dolore solutus/Spiritus astrigeri vivit in arce poli'. (Posthius, Johannes (1537-1597): 'Parergorum poeticorum pars altera', Heidelberg 1595, p. 201) From this epitaph we learn that Balthasar was considered to be of noble birth, known in Würzburg, yes, even through the whole of 'Germania'; that he spoke well, and performed his tasks to the satisfaction of his bishop and the emperor, and that he died a most horrible death (probably caused by prostate or bladder cancer). Now his soul lives on peacefully in the starry sky. No mention is made in the poem of wife or children. This poem is based on first hand knowledge, for Posthius was not only a poet, but also a medicin. He was the personal physician of the Prince-Bishop. In a letter of March 1575 (letter 45) Posthius tells his addressee, his colleague Johannes Crato, the personal physician of the emperor, who had been treating 'Von Hellu', that his (Crato's) patient will pay with wine next autumn. (K. Karrer, 'Johannes Posthius, (1537-1597): Verzeichnis der Briefe und Werke', Wiesbaden 1993, p. 153) In december the next year (letter 74) Posthius writes the classical scholar Joachim Camerarius that Von Hellu is incurably ill. Posthius is looking, he writes, for a physician who can operate him, for the Chancellor suffers from 'urina purulenta'. Three weeks after this letter the poor man died. That Baltasar ab Hellu was a nobleman, and that he never forgot that his roots lay in the Netherlands, is furthermore confirmed by the Dutch bibliographer Van der Aa. He records that one 'Balthasar van Hellu', Chancellor of Würzburg, tried several times to gain possession of the above mentioned Seigniory of Hellu in the 18th century (must be 16th century) on the ground that he had old family rights to that land. ('Zelfs in het jaar 1750 (this must be 1570) deed Balthasar van Hellu, Cantzeler van Wurtzburg, verscheidene pogingen bij het hof van Gelderland, om tot het bezit der heerlijkheid te geraken, waartoe bij, uit hoofde van zijne voorouders, vermeende geregtigt te zijn'. A.J. Van der Aa, 'Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden', volume V, Gorichem, 1844, p. 395) We found indeed in the digital archive of the 'Hof van Gelre en Zutphen' a file (0124/2281) dated 1570, concerning the Chancellor's request to buy the seigniory of Hellu. This village, which lies west of Zaltbommel, was for centuries the family property of 'Van Hellu's'. (A good impression of the village, nowadays called Hellouw, and its history, including the mistake of Van der Aa, are to be found at: hellouw.com/infohellouw.htm) A specimen of the Chancellor's handwriting can be admired in a letter of 1565 held in the Royal Archive in The Hague. The letter is addressed to Prince William of Orange, and in it he asks the Prince to recommend him to the Stadholder of Gelderland, because he wants to renew the ancestral ties of friendship of his father Adriaan van Hellu. (resources.huygens.knaw.nl/wvo/brief/4256) § Bookplate of the German classical scholar Otto Jahn, cut by Ludwig Richter, has been pasted on the front pastedown. Jahn, 1813-1869, had published in 1852 a biographic sketch of this successful artist. (Mittheilungen über Ludwig Richter) To thank him Richter cut for Jahn a bookplate, which he pasted from then on in his books. (See O.Jahn, 'Biographische Aufsätze', Leipzig, 1866, p. 221-287) Jahn was for the last 14 years of his life professor at Bonn. 'His work on archaeology (.) includes a large number of masterly monographs. (.) His lectures at Bonn were lucid and unadorned in style (.), there was a perfect mastery of all the details' (J.E. Sandys, 'A history of classical scholarship', vol. 3, N.Y. 1964, p. 220/21) § The name written on the front pastedown: 'Cary W. Bok, April 1928' is that of the American millionair Cary William Bok, 1904-1970. He was a magazine man, who tried unsuccessfully to run the huge Curtis Publishing Company (Lady's Home Journal, Saturday Evening Post) (Collation: a-z6, A-Z6. Aa-Ss6, Tt8 (leaf Tt8 blank)) (Photographs on request) (Heavy book, may require extra shipping costs)

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Book number: 151912

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Euripides Greek literature Greek text Griechische Literatur Latin translation Swiss imprints Tragödie antike altertum antiquity tragedy

EURIPIDES.

EURIPIDOU HIPPOLUTOS. Euripidis tragoedia Hippolytus, quam, Latino carmine conversam a Georgio Ratallero, adnotationibus instruxit Ludov. Casp. Valckenaer. (Bound with:) Lud. Casp. Valckenari Diatribe in Euripidis perditorum dramatum reliquias.

Leiden (Lugduni Batavorum), Apud Ioann. Luzac & Ioann. Le Mair, 1767 - 1768. 4to. 2 volumes in 1: XXVIII,322,(XVIII);VIII,312 p. Vellum 26 cm (Ref: Hoffmann 2,78; Moss 1,425: 'A very elegant and excellent edition, containing a very correct text'; Dibdin 1,548/49: 'It is a perfect specimen of careful research, acute emendation, and copious illustration'; Brunet 2,1104: 'Édition très recherchée'; Graesse 2,522; Ebert 7107; Spoelder p. 684, Utrecht 4; Ad 1: STCN 238032841; Ad 2: STCN 23803271X; Hoffmann 2,97) (Details: Prize copy Utrecht, without the prize. Back gilt and with 5 raised bands. Boards with gilt borders and the gilt coat of arms of Utrecht, within a gilt rectangle) (Condition: Vellum very slightly soiled. The prize has been removed. All 4 decorative fastening ribbons gone. Front starting to split only at the foot of the spine, for a few centimeters. Nice, clean copy) (Note: 'With Sophokles Greek tragedy reaches its culmination. Euripides, great poet though he was, represents the first symptom of the inevitable decline, for in him we can recognize a certain impatience with the form he found ready to his hand'. This is how H.J. Rose started his chapter on Greek the tragedian Euripides, ca. 480-406 B.C., some 80 years ago. (H.J. Rose, 'A history of Greek literature', 4th ed., London 1965, p. 177, first published in 1934) That opinion has now been superseded. Euripides' play 'The Bacchae', which drew little attention before 1900, 'has come to seem one of the defining models of Greek tragedy and even of tragedy itself, rivalling Aeschylus' Oresteia and Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Antigone'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambridge Mass. 2010, p. 347) For this, Euripides has to thank the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The upsurge was caused by his 'Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik' (1872) in which he drew attention to the idea of 'the Dionysiac', a key element in the Bacchae. This idea 'has had a massive influence not only on understandings of tragedy, but on theories of theatrical performances itself'. (Idem, ibidem) § The Frisian scholar Lodewijk Caspar Valckenaer, latinized Ludovicus Casparus Valckenarius, 1715-1785, who produced this Hippolytus edition, was a pupil of Tiberius Hemsterhuis, a Frisian too, and after him the greatest Dutch classical scholar of the 18th century. Hemsterhuis was professor of Greek at the University of Franeker from 1717 till 1740, and from 1740 till 1765 at the University of Leiden. Hemsterhuis was the founder of a Dutch school of criticism, the so-called 'Schola Hemsterhusiana', which had in Valckenaer its best known disciple. Valckenaer studied Greek in Franeker under Hemsterhuis, and succeeded to his chair in 1741. In 1765 he left for Leiden, once again as successor of his beloved teacher. Both created a golden age of Greek studies in the Netherlands. Still a student he edited a Greek lexicon of the grammarian Ammonius, 'De adfinium vocabulorum Differentia', Leiden 1739. In Franeker he produced a revised and augmented edition of Fulvio Orsini's 'Virgilius illustratus', Leeuwarden 1747. This title is important for the history of scholarship for its inclusion of the text of the 22nd book of the Iliad of Homer, accompanied by an introduction, 'variae lectiones' and the 'editio princeps' of scholia of Porphyrius and other hellenistic and byzantine scholars. In 1755 Valckenaer published an edition of Euripides' 'Phoenissae', with his rich commentary, and a Latin translation by Hugo Grotius. Among his best works are two other Euripides editions, this Hippolytus edition of 1768 and his 'Diatribe in Euripidis perditorum dramatum reliquias' of 1767. Valckenaer also produced editions of the Idylls of Theocritus, Leiden 1773, and of the complete works of bucolic poets Theocritus, Bion and Moschus, Leiden & Kampen 1779. His Callimachus was published posthumously by J. Luzac in Leiden in 1799. § In the introduction to the Hippolytus edition Valckenaer follows the opinion of Longinus who thought that Euripides was not inferior to Sophocles, and that he had been 'felicissimus', in the poetic expression of the 'mentis concitatae pertubationis, furore atque amore'. (Praefatio p. IX) Valckenaer's notes are not printed below the text, but fill the pages 159-322. Valckenaer's Hippolytus edition is usually accompanied by his 'Diatribe in Euripidis perditorum dramatum reliquias', which was published one year earlier, 1767. In it Valckenaer discusses the fragments of the lost plays of Euripides. This treasure of erudition, found in the Hippolytus and the Diatribe, and in the Phoenissae, contributed decisivily to attract the attention of scholarship to Euripides. Valckenaer is considered one of the best commentators of Euripides) (Collation: Ad 1: *-3*4, 4*2; A-T4, V-X2, Y-2V4, 2X2. Ad 2: *4, A-2Q4) ( Photographs on request)

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Book number: 140001

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dutch imprints Euripides Greek literature Greek text Griechische Literatur Hippolytos Hippolytus Latin translation Prize copy Prize copy Utrecht Tragödie antike altertum antiquity tragedy

EURIPIDES.

De Fenicische vrouwen. Treurspel, naar Euripides, door P. Camper, Ph. Th. M. & L.H. Doctor.

Zutphen, Bij H.C.A. Thieme, 1823. (I),4, XLVIII,140,(4) p. Red morocco. 21 cm (Ref: Geerebaert XXXVII,11; not in OiN) (Details: Back ruled gilt and with a beige shield in the 'second compartment'. Boards with borders consisting of a row of gilt floral motives. Edges of the boards and of the bookblock also gilt. Oval engraving on the title page, designed bij P. Camper and engraved by D. Veelwaard. Marbled endpapers) (Condition: Binding somewhat soiled and worn at the extremes. An extra flyleaf, once bound before the title, has been removed. On this disappeared flyleaf Camper probably wrote a dedication. Faint ink traces of this dedication are still visible on the verso of the flyleaf. (The Royal Library in The Hague has a copy of this title, bound in exact the same binding, but still having Camper's dedication to the Minister of Education) (Note: Verse translation into Dutch of Euripides' Phoenissae', made by the conrector of the 'schola latina' at Zutphen, Petrus Camper, 1797-1852. 'Zij is getrouw, vloeijend, schoon. Ook de achter aan geplaatste aanteekeningen, doen den Dichter eere aan. Deze lettervrucht, is derhalve eene gunstige onderscheiding waardig'. ('Boekzaal der geleerde wereld: en tijdschrift voor de Protestantsche kerken', Amsterdam 1829, p. 193)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 157772

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dutch imprints Euripides Greek literature Griechische Literatur Phoenissae Phoinissai Tragödie antike altertum antiquity tragedy

EUSEBIUS.

Kerkelyke geschiedenissen, zedert den dood van onzen Zaligmaker tot aan den volkomen bloeistand van 't Kristendom. Waar in van de prediking der Apostelen; de Heilige Schrift des N. Verbonds; de opvolgeren der Apostelen; de uitmuntende mannen in de vornaamste kerken, en hunne schriften; de vervolgingen; martelaren; scheuringen; ketteryen, en andere zaken, de eerste Kristen Kerk betreffende, berigt wordt gegeven: In het Grieksch beschreven door Eusebius Pamfilus, (...). Nu vertaald en met vele aantekeningen opgehelderd door Abraham Arent Vander Meersch; (...).

Amsterdam (Te Amsteldam), By F. Houttuyn, 1749. 4to. Frontispiece, (XLVI),584,L,116,(36) p., 2 folding maps. Vellum. 26.5 cm (Ref: STCN ppn 82986403, STCN does not mention the cancel of leaf 2Y4, p. 359/360, which our copy has; OiN p. 180) (Details: Title printed in red & black. The frontispiece by J.C. Philips depicts an allegorical scene of the battle between False and True Religion. 15 engravings in the text, 2 folding maps, 43x30 cm, of the Roman empire under Constantine the Great, and of Asia Minor) (Condition: Vellum wrinkled & soiled. Back worn. The vellum seems ill-fitting, it looks as if the binder has tried to make the vellum of an other book fit to this binding. The interior is ok. New endpapers. The maps are slightly waterstained) (Note: Eusebius Caesariensis, ca. 263-339, became bishop of Caesarea in 313, shortly after the Great Persecution of christians, which lasted from 303 till 313. Eusebius was not an original thinker or historian. Nevertheless, he has 'mit Gelehrsamkeit und gründlicher Quellenkenntnis zu vielen Gebieten Beachtliches in einer grossen Anzahl von Schriften beigetragen'. (N.P. 4,310) The most important of his works is his 'Historia Ecclesiastica', the History of the Church. The first 7 books run up to 280 A.D., books 8 & 9 describe the Great Persecution, and book 10 offers the events from 313 till 324; Eusebius developped the idea that a christian emperor has, as a successor of Christ, divine power. § This is the first Dutch translation of this work. The book contains also a translation of the appendix to book 8, 'De martyribus Palestinae'. Then follows a translation of 50 p. of Hieronymus' Latin version of the 'Chronicon' of Eusebius, and of its continuation by Hieronymus. At the end 116 p. of annotations by Vander Meersch. § Abraham Arent vander Meersch, 1720-1792, was professor of Theology and Church history at Amsterdam. He lectured also on philosophy. He was succeeded by Daniel Wyttenbach in 1771. (See for a vita NNBW vol. 10; and 'Gedenkboek van het Athenaeum en de Universiteit van Amsterdam 1632-1932', p. 684) (Collation: *-6*4 (frontispiece after leaf *1, minus blank leaf 6*4), A-2X4, 2Y4 (cancel leaf 2Y4), 2Z-3A4, 3B4 (leaf chi 1 after 3B3), 3C-4D4; a-f4, g2 (minus blank leaf g2); A-T4 (2 maps after leaf P2)) (Photographs on request) (Heavy book, may require extra shipping costs)

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Book number: 140011

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertum Altertumswissenschaft Altphilologie Antike Antiquity Dutch imprints Dutch translations Eusebios Eusebius Hieronymus Kirchengeschichte Patristics Patristik Spätantike church history classical philology early christian lit

FABER SORANUS, BASILIUS.

Basilii Fabri Sorani Thesaurus eruditionis scholasticae, omnium usui et disciplinis omnibus accommodatus post celeberrimorum virorum Buchneri, Cellarii, Graevii operas et adnotationes et multiplices A. Stübelii et Io. Mat. Gesneri curas iterum recensitus, emendatus, locupletatus.

Frankfurt, Leipzig (Francofurti, Lipsiae), In taberna libraria Ioh. Frid. Gleditsch, 1749. Folio. 2 parts in 1: (X) p.; 1792;1308 columns; (198 index) p. Vellum 39.5 cm (Ref: Brunet 2,2/1146; Ebert 7243: the best edition; Graesse 2,540; Spoelder p. 618/19: Kampen 2) (Details: Back ruled gilt. Red morocco shield in the 'second compartment'. Board with gilt borders, and the gilt coat of arms of Kampen. Woodcut of Pegasus on the title. Printed in 2 columns. At the one finds a 198 p. 'Index germanico-latinus rerum, vocabulorum, phrasium, descriptionum & locutionum proverbialium') (Condition: Vellum slightly soiled, and age-toned. Folds in the half title and front flyleaf. Paper foxed and yellowing. Some faint waterstains) (Note: The German schoolmaster and lexicologist Basilius Faber, born ca. 1520 in Sorau, nowadays Polish Zary, was 'einer der bedeutensten Schulmänner des 16. Jahrhunderts'. He produced a 'Thesaurus' which long survived him. He died in 1576. (ADB 6, p. 489/90) The work was first published in 1571, and later revised and augmented by scholars like Cellarius and Graevius. The last and best re-edition is this edition, produced by the German classical scholar Johann Matthias Gesner, 1691-1761. It is a Latin dictionary/encyclopedia, with German and sometimes Greek equivalents. Lemmata are arranged under the word from which they derive. The article 'eo', 'to go', for instance fills 5 pages, and offers in alphabetical order all possible derivative composita, from 'abeo' to 'transeo', and under each of these verbs, we find, again in alphabetical order, numerous lemmata; e.g. under 'coëo' we find the short derivative articles 'coiens', 'coitus' 'coitio', 'coibilis', 'incoibilis', 'coetus', with the German equivalent and a number of elucidating 'loci' in ancient authors. Sometimes articles are of an encyclopedic nature, e.g. a word like 'charta'. This word, 'paper', receives one whole densely printed column, covering all kinds of aspects of paper in ancient sources, papyrus, biblos etc. This really is a classical 'Fundgrube'. It is 'nicht blos ein Lexikon der lateinischen Sprache, sondern recht eigentlich eine Schatzkammer, die durch reiche Phraseologie, sowie durch Aufnahme von Sentenzen, Sprüchen, Geschichten etc. zu freierer Bewegung im Gebrauche des Lateinischen anleiten und nebenbei auch sonst bildende Elemente darbieten sollte'. (Op. cit. p. 489) The preliminary papers include the prefaces of earlier editions, of A. Bucherus (1625 and 1655), of Cellarius (1692), of A. Stübel (1717), and of I.M. Gesner (1635)) (Collation: a-b4, chi2, A-5V4, chi1, A-4M4, 4N4 (minus blank leaf 4N4), A-2A4, 2B2, 2C2 (leaf 2C2 blank)) (Photographs on request) (Heavy book, may require extra shipping costs)

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Book number: 65451

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Faber Latin linguistics Lexikographie Thesaurus Wörterbuch dictionary lateinische Sprachwissenschaft lexicography

ROMANARUM INSCRIPTIONUM FASCICULUS.

Cum explicatione notarum in usum juventutis. (Tironibus rei lapidariae studiosis ut posthabita barbarie quam in plerisque recentibus inscriptionibus eruditi fastidiunt, et nova epigrammata eleganter condere, et vetera interpretari recte discant. Angelus Josephi F. Cominus hunc inscriptionum fasciculum D.D.)

Padua (Patavii), Excudebat Josephus Cominus, Superiorum permissu, 1774. 8vo. (XVI),222 p. Contemporary limp cardboard. 18.5 cm (Details: Cover still remarkably fresh; woodcut printer's device on title: a man digging for antique objects, Motto: 'Quidquid sub terra est in apricum profert aetas'; the inscriptions in the text are set in all kinds of capitals to make them look like real inscriptions; fresh paper) (Condition: small slip of paper pasted over a name on the title) (Note: Why the ICCU attributes this publication to Giovanni Domenico (or Giandomenico) Polcastro (1710-1787) is not quite clear. Perhaps they rely on the Handbuch der klassischen Literatur by J.J. Eschenburg, Berlin, 1818, p. 74, where the book is attributed to Comite Polcastro. Or it is attributed to the Padovian Polcastro because the firm of Giuseppe Comino used to print scientific texts produced by professors of the University of Padova, among which in 1773 Polcastro's Notizia della scoperta fatta in Padova d'un ponte antico con una romana iscrizione. Polcastro was a well known philologist born in Padua. G. Mussato began a laudatio on him like this: En Polcaster adest, Patavi lux alma, decusque/ qui domus et patriae nomen ad astra vehit. (G. Vedova. Biografia degli scrittori padovani II, p. 111/15). However it seems far more probable that the son of Giuseppe Comino (Josephus Cominus), Angelo, produced this anthology. On page 3 we find a kind of subtitle which we have, to elucidate matters, put between brackets immediately after the title, described above. In this 'subtitle' it is stated that Angelus F. Josephi Cominus gave this fasciculum inscriptionum to/for students (tironibus studiosis) who study epigraphy. He wants them to understand old inscriptions better, and to be able to produce them elegantly themselves. After the death of Giuseppe in 1762, his son Angelo continued the firm more than 30 years still using the name of his father in the imprint. The inscriptions of this collection come from 31 sources, among which Gruter, Montfaucon & Muratori. After each inscription the source is mentioned; the collection is devided into 12 classes: 1: Diis sacra; 2: templa, aedes sacrae; 3: elogia; 4: opera publica; 5: senatus consulta, leges et plebescita; 6: monumenta historica; 7 militaria officia; 8: tituli sepulcrales; 9: opera figulina; 10: monumenta christianorum; 11: carmina ex lapidibus; 12: appendix miscellanea; & 22 p.of notae) (Collation: *8, a-e8, f-i4, k-p8, q-r4 (minus blank leaf r4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120389

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertumswissenschaft Altphilologie Antike Antiquity Classical art and archaeology Denkmal Einschriften Statue classical philology inscriptions klassische Archäologie und Kunst statues

MINUCIUS FELIX.

M. Minucii Felicis Octavius. Cum integris omnium notis ac commentariis, novaque recensione Jacobi Ouzelii, cujus & accedunt animadversiones. Accedit praeterea liber Julii Firmici Materni V.C. De errore profanarum religionum.

Leiden (Lugduni Batavorum), Ex officina Ioannis Maire, 1652. 4to. (38),44,(2),46,140,36,32,212,(23),56 p. Overlapping vellum 20.5 cm (Ref: STCN ppn 840085141; Breugelmans 1652:10B; Schoenemann I,71; not in Brunet; Graesse 4,534; Ebert 14107) (Details: Title in red & black. Engraved printer's mark on the title depicting a farmer stamping a shovel into the ground, he is flanked by a woman holding a cornucopiae, and a woman holding an ancre, above the head of the farmer the motto: 'fac et spera'. According to Breugelmans there are 2 issues of this edition: 1652:10A and 1652:10B; 10A shows on the title 3 lines printed red, and 10B (our copy) has 5 lines printed red; 10B also has 2 cancels (leaves *2 and E4); in our copy these 2 leaves have not been cancelled; our copy is conform the copy in the University Library of Leiden, UBL 503 C 2) (Condition: Cover somewhat soiled. Small ink stain, only touching the top of the right upper corner of the first 30 pages; small ownership inscription on the title. Some gatherings browning. Some small spots of paper near the inner gutter of the front pastedown eaten away; our copy lacks leaf pi2, the leaf after the title, showing the table of contents) (Note: The Octavius is a dialogue in defence of the christian religion, and perhaps the oldest literary work of christian Latin. It was written by Minucius Felix, who lived in the second or third cent. A.D. In it he tries to prove that christian principles were not contrary to pagan culture, and that the Greek and Roman philosophers paved the path for christianity. The inspiration seems to come from Cicero's dialogue 'De Oratore'. The dialogue starts with Minucius’ recollections of the friendship he had with the recently deceased christian advocate Octavius. The setting is Ostia, 'amoenissima civitas' (1,2). Minucius, Octavius Januarius, and the heathen Caecilius have come there to enjoy their holiday, free from 'iudicariam curam'. Caecilius then launches a vehement attack upon the christians and their doctrines. It is the opinion of Octavius that no honorable Roman should leave a friend in the darkness of ignorance. He ridicules the folly of heathen fables, and proves the existence of providence and of God. Octavius warmly praises the purity, courage and other virtues of the christians. At the end Caecilius acknowleges himself vanquished and converted. § Jacobus Ouzelius (Oiselius), 1631-1686, born as Jacques Oisel (Oesel) in Dantzig, was only 21 when he edited this book. Although destined for a commercial career, he chose to study classical literature in Leyden. Later he switched to law and became professor of law in Groningen. He also edited Gaius and Gellius. (Van der Aa, vol. 14, p. 59) Ouzelius says in the 'praefatio' that he hopes that the reader will forgive him any mistakes, without 'livor' and 'maledicentia'. He dedicates the book to Queen Christina of Sweden. Well, if we may believe Schoenemann, Christina had reason for complaint. Schoenemann is very critical about Ouzelius. He calls him a 'futilissimus commentator'. 'Omnia apta inepta incredibile stupore et imprudentia corrosa sunt'. The value of this edition lies in the printed commentaries of previous commentators. The reader should skip the 212 p. filled with notes by Ouzelius, and consult the presented notes of Nicolaas Rigaltius (32 p.), or Desiderius Heraldus, or the 'liber commentarius ad M. Minucii Felicis Octavium' by G. Elmenhorst (140 p.), or the notes of J.A. Wouwer (46 p.). Nic. Rigaltius, (Rigault) 1577-1624 (See Sandys 2,283); Desiderius Heraldus, ca. 1579-1649, professor of Greek at Sedan (See Sandys 2,287). J.A. Wowerius, 1574-1612, was a pupil of Scaliger, and helped him with his Petronius edition. Wowerius published his edition and commentary earlier in 1603 at Copenhagen (See Sandys 2,287). Elmenhorst published in 1612 at Hamburg a text and commentary on Minucius Felix (See Schoenemann I,71). § At the end has been added 'De errore profanarum religionum' by Julius Firmicus Maternus, edited by Wowerius, with his commentary. Firmicus lived in the 4th century A.D. In this work he urges the emperors Constans and Constantius, both sons of Constantine the Great, the man who in 313 A.D. had declared christianity to be the state religion, to abolish paganism) (Provenance: Engraved armorial bookplate (with ducal coat of arms?) on the front pastedown: 'Bibliothek Oberherrlingen, 1839' with the initials 'E. M.' on it of Eugen, Freiherr von Maucler, 1783-1859. The name of Paul Friedrich Theodor Eugen Maucler is connected with the legislation of the kingdom of Württemberg under 'König Wilhelm'. In 1818 he became minster of justice. His legislative work gave him great influence. He was hated by the liberals and resigned in 1848. (ADB 20, p. 687-688) Having bought 'Schloss Herrlingen' Maucler had room enough to build a huge library. Libraries all over the world hold a host of valuable incunabula and 16th century books from his library. The incunabula were sold at the beginning of last century) (Collation: pi1 (lacking leaf pi2) *2, 2*-5*4, A-E4 F2; A2 B-F4, G2; a2 b-3k4; A-G4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130151

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) De errore profanarum religionum Julius Firmicus Maternus Minucius Felix Oesel Oisel Ouzelius

VALERIUS FLACCUS.

Caii Valerii Flacci Argonautica. Ioan. Baptistae Pii carmen ex quarto Argonauticon Apollonii. Orphei Argonautica, innominato interprete.

Lyon (Lugduni), Apud Seb. Gryphium, 1548. 16mo. 308,(1 colophon),(1 blank) p. Limp vellum 11.5 cm (Ref: USTC 149936; Schweiger 2,1099, incorrect (See note): 'Nachdruck der Strassb. Ausg. Die Vorrede der Aldine u. die des Engentinus sind mit abgedr.'; Graesse 6/2 241; Ebert 23289; cf. Brunet 5,1045) (Details: Printed completely in italics. On the title the printer's mark of Sebastianus Gryphius, depicting a griffin, which mythological animal symbolizes courage, diligence, watchfulness, and rapidity of execution, used as a pun of his family name Gryph or Greif. From the claws of this creature hangs a big rectangular stone, symbolizing Constancy, beneath which hangs a winged globe, symbolizing Fortune. The motto is 'Virtute duce / comite fortuna', 'Virtue thy leader, fortune thy comrade', a quote from a letter of Cicero to Plancus (Epistulae ad Familiares, liber X,3)) (Condition: Vellum soiled and wrinkled. All four textile fastening ties gone. Both pastedowns damaged and detached. Front hinge partly loosening, but holding. Front flyleaf removed. Faint dampstain in the first 5 quires. Some small old ink annotations. Right upper corner of leaf d3 (p. 53/4) torn off without loss of text. Corners slightly bruised) (Note: The bibliographies of Schweiger, Ebert and Graesse state that this 'Argonautica' edition of 1548, published by Sebastianus Gryphius, is a reissue of the Valerius Flaccus edition of 1525, edited in Strassburg by Philippus Engentinus. This is not correct. In the first place, this Gryphius has exactly the same title as the Aldus edition of 1523, which was produced by the Italian humanist scholar Giovan Battista Pio, latinized as Ioannes Baptista Pius. It contains also the same text, that is, the preliminary pages, the 'Argonautica' of Valerius Flaccus book I-VIII verse 467, and also a continuation of book VIII, taken from Apollonius Rhodius' earlier Greek version of the 'Argonautica', translated into Latin by Ioannes Pius. At the end we find a Latin translation of an unknown hand of the 'Orphei Argonautica'. Pius' continuation of Book VIII to X starts where a premature death overtook Valerius Flaccus, and prevented him to finish the epic. The poem breaks off abruptly with the pursuit of the Argo by Absyrtus, brother of Medea. This continuation is repeated in our Gryphius edition of 1548, but is absent in the Strassburg edition of Engentius, as are the preliminary pages. Furthermore, the Strassburg edition ends at verse 466 of book VIII: 'Temptat & ipse gemens, & tempora currere dictis. FINIS'. This line is the last but one in The Gryphius and Aldus edition, in both the last verse is (467): 'mene aliquid metuisse putas? me talia velle?' The bibliographers were probably mislead by the adoption at the end by Gryphius of the dedication of Philippus Engentinus, dated 1525, from his Strassburg edition. § Not much is known about the Roman poet Valerius Flaccus, who wrote an epic 'Argonautica', and who died in 92 or 93 A.D. It is agreed by 'practically all modern authorities that the 'Argonautica' was never completed, and that its imperfect conclusion must not be put down to mutilation of a manuscript or omission to complete a copy. There is plenty of internal evidence of unrevised work, both in the language and the details of the plot and incidents. As to the former, there are many passages where it is necessary to mark a lacuna or to supply a line to complete the sense'. (Valerius Flaccus, with an English translation by J.H. Mozley, Cambr. Mass., 1972, p. VIII) As all the poets of his time Valerius Flaccus was strongly influenced by Vergil, but he 'is a better poet than they, in so far he is less excessively rhetorical than Lucan, and a more original genius than Statius'. (OCD 2nd ed. p. 1105) His 'Argonautica' is indebted to the 'Argonautica' of the Greek poet Apollonius Rhodius, who flourished ca. 200 B.C., but it is certainly not a close imitation. The differences are in the portrayal of the characters and the incidents in the story. 'The 'Orphei Argonautica' (Orphic Argonautica) was once believed to be among the oldest Greek poems, but today it is known that the poem is the work of a late Antique author working in the fourth century CE or later and writing in a form of Greek that consciously imitated (often wrongly) the diction and vocabulary of Homer. The poem of 1,376 hexameter verses takes the form of a first-person account of the Argonauts' voyage from the mouth of Orpheus, who views himself as the hero, addressing the poem to his disciple Musaeus. The poem (.) found fame in the early modern period along with other Orphic poetry as a prefiguration or distortion of Biblical truths'. (The Orphic Argonautica, translated by Jason Colavito) (Collation: a-t8, u4 (minus blank leaf u4; u3 verso blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120178

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Argonautica Argonauts Dichtkunst French imprints Medea Poesie antike altertum antiquity epic epos poetry

FESTUS & M. VERRIUS FLACCUS.

Sexti Pompei Festi De verborum significatione fragmentum. Ex vetustissimo exemplari Bibliothecae Farnesianae descriptum. Schedae quae Festi fragmento detractae apud Pomponium Laetum extabant. Ex bibliotheca Fulvi Ursini. Notae in Sex. Pompei Festi fragmentum, schedas & epitomam.

(Genève), apud Petrum Santandreanum, 1583. 8vo. (1),196,(18),62 p. Vellum 17 cm (Ref: 1 GLN 3005; Schweiger 2,354, Smitskamp 60) (Details: Six thongs laced through the joints. Veritas printer's device on the title: a woman, the naked truth, seated on a cubus, holding a radiant sun in her right hand; in her left hand she holds an opened book and a palm leaf; her feet rest on the globe; the garland of fruit which surrounds her shows a ribbon with the text in Greek: 'Alêtheia Pandamatôr', i.e. 'Allmighty Truth'). (Condition: Vellum partly soiled. Right margin of title slightly thumbed; title slightly browning) (Note: Festus is a 2nd century grammarian, who produced an abbreviation of a lexicographic work by Marcus Verrius Flaccus, a wellknown antiquarian and grammarian living in Augustan Rome. Verrius compiled an enormous lexicon in 80 books, full of unusual, difficult, and archaic words, with discussions about customs, political institutions, belief and Roman law. Remains of his work survive in the epitome of 20 books made by Sextus Pompeius Festus. Festus also added examples found in other sources; the original work of Verrius is completely lost, and only 1 manuscript of Festus survived the Middle Ages in an heavily mutilated form. The first reliable text, which was a great improvement compared to earlier editions was published in 1559 by Antonio Agustin, 1517-1586, who made good use of the Farnese manuscript at Naples, and aimed at reconstructing the text in a strict alphabetical order from A to V, with the help of other Medieval epitomes of Festus. GLN 15-16 states that this edition is a reissue of an edition published in 1581 in Rome. According to Smitskamp 60 Fulvius Ursinus simply reproduces Scaliger's edition without mentioning his name. In the praefatio to the 62 pages with learned notes the reader is assured that this edition (of 1583) is a faithful transcription of the sole surviving MS of Festus) (Collation: A-N8, O4; A-C8, D8 (minus leaf D8) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120331

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Festus Lexikographie Lexikon Swiss imprints Verrius Flaccus lexicography lexicon

FESTUS & M. VERRIUS FLACCUS.

M. Verrii Flacci quae extant. Et Sex. Pompei Festi De verborum significatione libri XX. Cum vetusto Bibliothecae Farnesianae exemplari Romae nuper edito, collati; ex quo lacunae pene omnes sunt suppletae. In eos libros Ant. Augustini annotationes, ex editione Veneta, Io. Scaligeri castigationes recognitae, ex Parisiensi, Ful. Ursini notae, ex Romana. Accesserunt nunc denique doctissimorum virorum notae ex eorum scriptis hinc inde collectae.

Paris (Parisiis), Apud Arnoldum Sittart, 1584. 8vo (XXVIII),CCCIX,(1 blank),(22 index),(2 blank); LXXV,(1 blank),(10),CCXVI,(24 index),84 p. Limp vellum 17 cm (Ref: Smitskamp 61; Schweiger 2,355 & 1134; Brunet 5,2 1148; Renouard-1926, n° 1044 (Renouard et alii, 'Imprimeurs et libraires parisiens du XVIe siècle', Paris, 1964)) (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Engraved printer's mark of Arnoldus Sittart on the title, his motto: 'Finis coronat opus', 'the end crowns the work'. (BaTyR : Base de Typographie de la Renaissance, no. 28409) The printer's mark shows the coat of arms of Cologne, the city where Arnoldus Sittart was born: the escutcheon bears 3 crowns and beneath them are twelve drops; the escutcheon is supported by a standing crowned griffin and idem lion; above the shield a helmet with peacock feathers as crest. (See for an explanation Wikipedia 'Kölner Wappen') (Condition: The vellum is probably recycled from another book; that is why the cover is wrinkled, dog-eared, slighlty soiled, and cut short. A small piece of the outer-edge of the backcover has gone. Three names and a small inscription on the title, 1 name has been erased. Partly slightly waterstained at the lower margin. Some hardly visible pinpoint wormholes near the right lower corner of one quarter of the book) (Note: Festus is a 2nd century grammarian, who produced an abbreviation of a lexicographic work by Marcus Verrius Flaccus, a wellknown antiquarian and grammarian living in Augustan Rome. Verrius compiled an enormous lexicon in 80 books, full of unusual, difficult, and archaic words, with discussions about customs, political institutions, beliefs and Roman law. Remains of his work survive in the epitome of 20 books made by Sextus Pompeius Festus. Festus also added examples found in other sources; an other epitome of this epitome of Festus was made in the 9th century by the historian Paulus Diaconus. The original work of Verrius is completely lost, and only 1 manuscript of Festus survived the Middle Ages in a heavily mutilated form. The first reliable text, which was a great improvement compared to earlier editions was published in 1559 by Antonio Agustin, 1517-1586, who made good use of the Farnese manuscript at Naples. He also added a commentary. It remained dominant for 2 centuries. Fulvius added in this edition suggestions concerning Greek material. J.J. Scaliger, 1540-1609, produced a highly acclaimed edition in 1575. He was praised for having successfully completed the gaps and damaged passages of the Farnese manuscript. Grafton says about this edition that 'fluency in conjecture and attention to detail could hardly be raised to a higher level'. (A. Grafton. Joseph Scaliger, a study in the history of classical scholarship, Oxf. 1983, vol. 1, p. 134/160) This edition of 1584 repeats Scaliger's of 1575. The text of Agustin is also printed, followed by 75 p. with his annotations, and followed by a 216 p. commentary by Scaliger; at the end we find the notes of Ursinus) (Collation: +6, *8, a-x8, A-V8, X2, 2A-2E8, 2F2) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120133

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Festus Lexikographie Lexikon Verrius Flaccus lexicography lexicon

FESTUS & M. VERRIUS FLACCUS.

M. Verrii Flacci quae extant et Sex. Pompei Festi de Verborum significatione libri XX. Cum vetusto Bibliothecae Farnesianae exemplari Romae nuper edito, collati; ex quo lacunae pene omnes sunt suppletae. In eos libros Ant. Augustini annotationes, ex editione Veneta, J. Scaligeri castigationes recognitae, ex Parisiensi, F. Ursini notae, ex Romana. Accesserunt nunc denique doctissimorum virorum notae ex eorum scriptis hinc inde collectae. (Bound with:) Q. Asconii Pediani Patavini Commentationes in aliquot orationes M. Tullii Ciceronis. (...) Francisci Hotomani studio & diligentia post omnes omnium editiones quam emendatissimae. (...) Eiusdem Hotomani expositiones suae in Asconium operae & diligentiae.

Ad 1: (Genève), Apud Petrum Santandreanum, 1593. Ad 2: Lyon (Lugduni), Apud Joan. Tornaesium & Gul. Gazeium, 1551. 8vo. 2 volumes in 1: Ad 1: (XVI),CCCIX,(1 blank),(23 index),(1); LXXV,(1 blank),(10),CCXVI,(22 = index),(4),84 (recte 80) p. Ad 2: (XXIV),171,(1) p. H.leather. 17 cm (Ref: Ad 1: GLN-3651; Schweiger II,1135; Bernays, see p. 258/59 & 279; Ad 2: A. Cartier, Bibliographie des éditions des Tournes, no. 185; Schweiger I,18) (Details: 2 Back with 5 raised bands, and a black shield; Ad 1: 'Veritas' printer's device on the title: a woman, the naked truth, seated on a cubus, holding a radiant sun in her right hand. In her left hand she holds an opened book and a palm leaf. Her feet rest on the globe; the garland of fruit which surrounds her shows a ribbon with a motto in Greek: 'Alêtheia Pandamatôr', i.e. 'Allmighty Truth'. Ad 2: completely printed in italics; engraved printer's mark on title, a 'Ouroboros', with motto: 'quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris', type no. 5. (See Cartier p. 40); Prism mark, type d on the verso of the last leaf, with motto 'Nescit labi virtus' (See Cartier p. 42) (Condition: Back rubbed; corners bumped; paper on covers slightly worn; a few small wormholes in the second half of the first work only; occasional faint pencil underlinings; old ownership entry at the upper margin of the title of Asconius erased; first title slightly soiled) (Note: Ad 1: Festus is a 2nd century abbreviator of a lost lexicographic work by Marcus Verrius Flaccus, dating from the first century B.C. Remains of his work survive in Festus; J.J. Scaliger, 1540-1609, produced a highly acclaimed edition in 1575. He was praised for his success at completing blank portions of the Farnese manuscript. The editor uses both Paulus Diaconus and Festus for a reconstruction of the text in strict alphabetical order, from A to V; Bernays tells us that the 216 pages with the 'Castigationes' of Scaliger are 'unverändert abgedruckt' in this edition of 1593 (Bernays p. 279). Scaliger's notes are followed by the notes of lesser gods, but nevertheless 'docti viri'. Ad 2: Asconius Pedianus, probably 3-88 A.D, produced for his sons a historical commentary on a number of the orations of the Roman politician/orator Cicero, the Verrines, pro Cornelio, contra M. Antonium & Catilinam, contra Pisonem, pro Scauro, & pro Milone. François Hotman, 1524-1590, was a French protestant jurist and author) (Provenance: Engraved bookplate of Jonkheer Henri de Brauw, depicting his coat of arms) (Collation: Festus: q - 2q8, a - v8 x8 (minus x8 blank); A - V8 X2; 2A - 2E8 2F2. Asconius: a - m8 n4 (lacking the blanks n3 and n4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120230

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Asconius Cicero Festus Lexikographie Lexikon Swiss imprints Verrius Flaccus lexicography lexicon