TERENTIUS.

De zes comedien van P. Terentius. Verduitst door Henricus Zwaardekroon, rector der Schole, tot Rotterdam.

Rotterdam, Gedrukt bij Johannes Naeranus, 1668. 12mo. 498,(6 blank) p. Vellum 12.5 cm (Ref: Geerebaert 138,11,6; OiN 362) (Condition: Binding scuffed, spotted and soiled. Frontispiece removed. Oval stamp on the title. Some worming in the blank upper margin, occasionally nibbling at letters. Paper yellowing) (Note: The late antique grammarian Aelius Donatus (4th century A.D) wrote not only a commentary on the plays of the Roman playwright Publius Terentius Afer, ca. 190-159 B.C., but also a short biography, in which he tells that Terentius was born in the Roman province Africa and that he came as a slave in the houshold of the senator Terentius Lucanus. He adopted his name when he was manumitted. Terentius is the author of 'fabulae palliatae', which means 'plays in Greek cloths'. He adapted Greek plays, especially those of the Greek playwright Menander, to the taste of the Romans. Six of his comedies have survived. For later generations he became a model for elegant Latin. His style was closer to everyday conversation than Plautus', an earlier contemporary comic playwright, whose style was more extravagant. He was quoted by Cicero, Horace, Persius and the Church Fathers. Ever since antiquity he lived also a long and influential life in schools as a model for Latin language and rhetoric. In the Middle Ages he was read for his moral sentences. He was imitated by the German abbess Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (ca. 935 - ca. 973) in her 'Dramenbuch', with which she wanted to create a Christian alternative for the pagan comedies. With the coming of humanism Terentius enjoyed a renaissance in the classroom and on stage. Scholars rejected the 'barbaries' of Medieval Latin and chose the elegance of Cicero and Terentius as their model. In his 'De ratione studii' (1511) the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus, 1466-1536, encouraged the study of Terentius for his language and moral utility. 'Among Latin writers, who is more valuable as a standard of language than Terence? He is pure, concise, and closer to everyday speech and, by the very nature of his subject matter, is also congenial to youth'. (The Classical Tradition, 2010, p. 930) Erasmus published later in life, in 1532, an edition of Terentius' plays. Erasmus seems to have learned the whole of Terentius by heart in his youth. He admired the author for his 'latinitas' and his civilized humor. His ideal as a humanist and pedagogue was the creation of better men with the help of the classics. He held the opinion, that schoolboys should read Terentius over and over again. Thus they could master a pure Latin style, and learn at the same time good morals. Several Dutch humanists wrote 'Dialogi pueriles', fictitious dialogues to train schoolboys to converse in Latin; conversations which much Terentius in it. § The first Dutch translation of Terentius appeared in 1555 in Antwerp. Almost one century later 2 other new translation followed. In 1646 the remonstrant reverent Henricus Oosterhaern published a prose translation in Rotterdam. His translation is as literal as possible. His aim in didactic. He hopes that his readers will polish their speech and style when reading Terentius, that they will learn from Terentius a 'suyvere en cierlijke manier van spreken en schryven'. (P.J.M. van Alphen, Nederlandse Terentius-vertalingen in de 16e en 17e eeuw, Tilburg 1954, p. 95) Two years later, in 1648, Rotterdam saw the next and more elegant prose translation, now by another remonstrant, the schoolmaster Henricus Zwaerdecroon, since 1634 Rector of the 'Schola Latina Erasmiana'. (NNBW 5.1182/83) In the dedication in this edition to his 'alumnus' Adrianus de Matenesse, Zwaerdecroon dwells on the diligence and enthousiasm he and other old schoolboys displayed while reading Terentius. On their request, Zwaerdecroon tells us, and because they are leaving for the university he made this translation. Sometimes we find in the Dutch translation words or passages printed in italics. Those words and passages have been added to improve the Dutch, and to explain matters. The edifying comedies of Terence were not only read by schoolboys. The Dutch philosopher Spinoza must also have studied his Terentius very thoroughly. In his work hundreds of quotations and borrowings from Terence can be traced. Spinoza used them to define and illustrate human feelings, weaknesses and passions. (F. Akkerman, Spinoza's tekort aan woorden, Leiden, 1977, p. 3) In the same year as this edition (1648) the Rotterdam printer Naeranus brought a translation only edition on the market. This translation was reissued again in 1668, this edition) (Provenance: Stamp on the title: 'Bibliotheek Missiehuis Tilburg) (Collation: A-X12 (leaves X10, X11 & X12 blank. leaf A2, the frontispiece, gone) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120174

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Komödie Latin literature Terence Terentius Terenz comedy römische Literatur

TERTULLIANUS.

L'Apologétique et les Prescriptions de Tertullien. Nouvelle édition. Revue & corrigée d'après les Manuscrits, les édtions & différens ouvrages de Tertullien, avec la traduction & des remarques, par M. L'Abbé de Gourcy, vicaire général du Diocèse de Bordeaux, de l'Académie Royale de Nancy.

Paris (A Paris), Chez Sorin, Libraire, rue de la Juiverie à côté de l' Église de la Magdeleine, 1780. 12mo. XXXIV,423,6,(1 blank) p. Marbled calf 17.5 cm (Ref: Ebert 22582, cf. Brunet 5,730) (Details: Latin text and French translation. Back gilt, a gilt corn sheaf in 2 'compartments', and a red morocco shield. Endpapers & edges marbled. Woodcut ornament on the title. Excellent paper) (Condition: Small old paper label on the head of spine. Front joint starting to split) (Note: Not much is known about the beginning of christianity in the Roman province Africa. The first fact is the death in Carthago, the capital of Africa, of some Christian martyrs from the city of Scilli in 180 AD. With the work of Q. Septimius Florens Tertullianus the church in Africa enters the full light of history. He was born in Carthago ca. 160, studied law and rhetoric in Rome, and became, after the return to his native city, a prominent and vigorous defender of the new faith. Tertullian is considered to be the founder of Western theology. His earliest work, called Apologeticum according to the oldest manuscripts, or Apologeticus according to Hieronymus (Ep. 70), is 'einer der bedeutendsten und glänzendsten Werke Tertullians.' (Bardenhewer 2,399) It was written ca. 197, and in it we find a clear picture of the organisation and the method of working of the Christian community in Carthago, with their bishops, priests, deacons, and lectores, baptized believers, and catechumeni, new members not yet baptized. The persecution of christians inspired Tertullian to write the Apologeticum, in which he examined the foundation in Roman law of the persecutions. In this text, addressed to the magistrates of the province of Africa, Tertullian attacks also the pagan cults, and makes it clear that Christians are loyal citizens of Rome. He argues that the persecution of Christians has no legal foundation, and that laws which are iniquitous for christians should be abolished. First he refutes the allegations of immoral hidden rites (occulta facinora), for instance infanticide, Thyestian meals, or incest; he defends the christians against the accusation of neglect of the traditional worship and of sacrifices and prayers to the state gods on behalf of the Emperor on the ground that there is only one God, and that false gods deserve no worship. Of singular beauty and effect is Tertullian's description of parish life of the christians in chapter 39. Christians are not bad citizens, their strict moral code makes them refrain from the things which the law forbids. In the last chapters he rejects the idea that christianity is a kind of philosophy. The christian creed is a divine revelation, and superior to human philosophy. § Besides the Latin text and French translation of the Apologeticum, this volume of 1780 contains also a text and translation of Tertullian's De praescriptionibus adversus Haereticos. We quote Rose about this treatise: 'Heresy was always an especial bugbear of Tertullian, and he set out fairly early (about 200) to define it. Like a true lawyer, he laid down a praescriptio, otherwise known as an exceptio, an objection to be raised which, if sustained, would save the controversialist the trouble of any further inquiry into the merits of his opponent's case. Can the propounder of the new doctrine trace it back to the Apostles? If so, it is Catholic teaching; if not, it is heresy, and there the matter ends. Hence the title of his work, de praescriptione haereticorum. (H.J. Rose, A Handbook of Latin literature, London, 1967, p. 474). The Frenchman De Gourcy, 1709-1805, was a successful defender of christianity in an age of enlightenment and growing atheism and deism. The two masterpieces of Tertullian, 'le plus mâle peut-être & le plus vigoureux, dont l'antiquité sainte puisse se glorifier' (Préface p. III) were translated by him under the auspices of the Catholic Church. Like Tertullian, who wanted to immunize christians against heresy, De Gourcy tried to immunize against protestantism and atheism. He was 'un des ecclésiastiques que l'assemblée du clergé de France employa pour écrire contre les nouveaux philosophes, à l'époque où ils inondaient l'Europe de leurs livres antireligieux. (.) Le caractère des ouvrages de l'abbé de Gourcy est la méthode et la netteté des idées. Son style est simple et sa critique judicieuse, ses raisonnements sont solides et ses connaissances étendues.' He published also on Descartes (1765), the laws of Lycurgus (1768), Rousseau (1772), and Suite des anciens apologistes de la religion chrétienne, traduits et analysés (1785). (Biographie Universelle (Michaud) Ancienne et Moderne. Nouvelle édition, Tome 17, Paris, n.d., 246/47) His translation of Tertullian found several reprints) (Collation: a12, b6 (minus leaf b6); A - S12 (Leaf S11 verso and S12 blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120377

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Carthage Carthago Latin literature Tertullian early christian literature frühchristliche Literatur frühes Christentum römische Literatur

JUSTINUS MARTYR & TERTULLIANUS.

Justini en Tertulliani Verantwoording voor de Christenen, tegens de Heydenen; als mede Minutii Felicis t'Samen-spraak tussen Octavius en Caecilius. Ook zijn hier achter by-gevoegt, de brieven van Clemens Romanus en Policarpus.

Amsterdam, Gedrukt by Jan Rieuwertsz, Haarlem, By Jan Gerritsz. Geldorp, Boek-verkopers, 1684. 8vo. (VIII),183,(1 blank);117,(1 blank),73,(1 blank);47,(1 blank),11,(1 blank),13,(3 blank) Vellum 16 cm 'An interesting collection of translations into Dutch of early Christian works' (Ref: STCN ppn 056885253; OiN 236 Justinus, 'integrale vert. van Apol. 1-2'; titles of Tertullianus, Minucius, Clemens Romanus & Polycarpus not in OiN; 6 copies in NCC) (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Manuscript title on the back. Woodcut initials. The Letter of Clemens has a separate title page, indicating that this is the 3rd impression) (Condition: Vellum slightly soiled & scratched; upper corner of the front pastedown torn off. A few pinpoint wormholes in the uppermargin of the last 150 p., not affecting the text.§ STCN calls for 2 leaves between the preliminary pages and the beginning of the translation, and an illustration; these 2 leaves and illustration are lacking in our copy; the 2 leaves contain translated testimonia of Christ from Flavius Josephus (3x), Tacitus (2x), and the short apocryphical letter of Lentulus to the emperor Tiberius, giving a physical and personal description of Christ; the lacking illustration is a portrait of Jesus Christ; the different quality paper and the deviant typeface used in the lacking leaves, suggests that they were printed and added later) (Note: At the beginning of the preface the publisher declares that when he wanted to bring on the market once more the Dutch translation of C. Boon of the 'Apologeticum' of Tertullian & the 'Octavius' of Minucius Felix, he asked Dr. Petrus Langedult to produce a new translation of the 'Apologiae' of Justinus Martyr. Langedult also added, he tells, very extensive notes to 3/4 of his translation. He however died untimely at the age of 37, so the last quarter is without his learned notes. The translated Greek and Latin texts, the publisher goes on, show how excellent the first Christians were, in professing and defending their religion against the Jews and heathens. Tertullian and the others lived short after the Apostles, so they can be considered to be their agents. The publisher incites his readers to use the texts against all those who undermine 'our' christian religion, 'soo Joden, Heydenen, als Atheisten'. When and where the translations of Boon were published previously is hard to tell. In Worldcat and in Picarta we found no earlier copies. We only found a reference to an earlier edition of his translation of Tertullian and Minucius Felix in the 'Bibliotheca Furliana', the catalogue of the library of an eighteenth century Rotterdam citizen. There we find the listing of these 2 works translated by C. Boon, and published in 1671 in Rotterdam by Ryckhals. In the usual biographic reference works we also found nothing about this 'C. Boon'. More is known about the translator of the Greek text of the 'Apologiae' of Justinus, Langedult. He was born in 1640 in Haarlem, and established himself there as a medical doctor. He had a great knowledge of Jewish antiquities and the churchfathers, and is the author of some poetry and theological works. He died in 1677. His widow and some friends seem to have had some of his work published posthumely, e.g. this translation. This translation of Justinus Martyr with learned notes is however not recorded in the lemma about him in the 'Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. (NNBW 5,309/10) At the end of the book we find a translation of the first 2 letters, which are traditionally ascribed to Clemens Romanus I. He was at the end of the first century AD the 2nd, 3rd or perhaps the 4th bishop of Rome. Both letters are also known as the 'epistles of Clement'. The translated letter is addressed to the chuch of Corinth. Its title records that this is already its third edition. A Dutch translation of these epistles was published earlier in 1656 by P. Casteleyn in Haarlem. At the very end we find the short and edifying letter of Polycarpus, bishop of Smyrna, who died in 156 AD., to the Corinthians, and the letter of Polycarpus to the Philippenses) (Collation: *4, A-L8, M4 (leaf M4 verso blank), A-M8; A-D8 (leaf D8 & D7 verso blank), A8,(leaf A7 verso and A8 blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120089

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertum Altertumswissenschaft Altphilologie Antike Antiquity Boon Clemens Romanus Dutch imprints Dutch translations Greek griechische Justinus Martyr Langedult Minucius Felix Octavius Patrologie Patrology Polycarpus Spätantike T

THUCYDIDES.

Thucydidis Atheniensis Historiae de bello Peloponnesiaco libri octo, e Graeco sermone in Latinam linguam conversi a Vito Winsemio patre, artis medicae Doctore, & Graecae linguae Professore in inclyta Academia Witebergensi. Nunc denuo ad exemplum ab ipso authore ante obitum diligentissime recognitum, recusi & editi.

Wittenberg (Witebergae), 1580. 8vo. (XL),848 p. Overlapping vellum. 18 cm (Ref: VD16 T 1123; Hoffmann 3,557. Schweiger 1,328; Graesse 6/2,151; Ebert 22947) (Details: Latin translation only. Short title in ink on the back. Woodcut printer's device of Samuel Selfisch on the title: it depicts Samuel anointing David, behind David lies his harp (Samuel I,16,13); Samuel and David are depicted within a floral festoon, in both upper corners are two putti looking on; at the feet Samuel and David rests a shield with a big S in its centre. Good quality paper.) (Condition: Vellum aged and somewhat soiled. All four ties gone) (Note: The German scholar Vitus Winshemius, 1501-1570, or Veit Winsheim, is called after his hometown Windsheim. His original name was Veit Oertel, or Örtel. He is also known as Herr Vitus Oerthl von Winssheim. The young man went to Wittenberg to study, and soon caught the attention of Melanchthon and Luther. He was given financial support by his hometown with a grant of 20 gold guilders a year. His appointment to professor of Greek at his university followed in 1541, later he became professor of Medecine too. In 1538 Winsemius' teacher Melanchthon, who praised him for his knowledge and modesty, asked him to publish a new revised edition of his Latin Syntax. He later produced mediocre (according to Bursian) translations of several Greek authors. (ADB 43, p. 462/3, also Eckstein p. 621) In 1569 Winsemius published a new Latin translation of Thucydides. Eleven years later it was published for the second time. His son, who's name was also Veit, who was a jurist, and also a professor in Wittenberg, produced an edition which had been revised by his father shortly before he died in 1570. This edition of 1580 has 2 dedications, the first of the son, and the second of the father, both for Augustus, since 1553 Elector of Sachsen (1526-1586). From the dedications we learn the following, that Winsemius produced the translation near the end of his life, 'in mea decrepita senecta'. 'Vixi hic (Wittenberg) annos iam pene 50', he tells the reader elsewhere in his preface. Winsemius filius proudly tells us that his father was closely connected to monarch August (familiariter notus), and that he published the book on his own expense (meoque sumptu atque impensis). Winsemius senior undertook the translation because he was not satisfied with the already existing translations. They were mutilated and too obscure. He calls Thucydides a great historian, and emphasizes that we must learn from the mistakes and successes of the Greek, so eloquently described. However 'et quidem negari non potest, esse multa perplexa atque intellectu difficilia in libris Thucydidis'. This harshness in diction, strange and oldfashioned syntax and vocabulary deter people from reading the great author, he explains. Winsemius filius wanted to honour the memory of his father with this book. He not only took the trouble of publishing the translaton anew, and on his own expense, but he did so with great care. He hired a first class publisher who could take care of printing with clear printing type, and who knew how to produce a pleasant type page. The son ordered also to buy paper of good quality. VD16 says that this publisher was Matthäus Welack, who was active from 1576 till 1593. How VD16 knows this we could not find out. This cannot however be correct. Welack was a busy printer and publisher in Wittemberg, that is true, but the printers' mark on the title is definitely that of the publisher Samuel Selfisch, 1529-1615. Welack's printer's mark also shows a Salomon and David scene) (Collation: a-b8, c4; A-3G8)(Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130011

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertum Altertumswissenschaft Altphilologie Antike Antiquity Greek history Greek literature Griechische Literatur Latin translation only Oertel Selfisch Thucydides Thukydides Welack Windsheim Winsemius Witteberg Wittemberg Witte

TURSELLINUS,H.

Horatii Tursellini Romani, Historiarum, ab origine mundi, usque ad annum, a Christo nato, 1598. Epitomae, libri decem. Cum brevibus notis, duplici item accessione, usque ad annum 1642, ac duplici indice. Editio ultima a quamplurimis mendis, nunc demum purgata.

Utrecht (Ultrajecti), Apud Gulielmum vande Water, 1718. 8vo. (XVI),566,(74 index) p., frontispiece. Vellum 16.5 cm (Ref: cf. Graesse 6/2,216) (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Boards blind tooled. Frontispiece engraved by P. Sluyter, probably depicting the Muse Clio, a winged woman with a quill in her hand and a laurel wreath on her head; she is visited by several allegorical figures, such as Father Time, and a naked woman with a palm branch (Victoria?) in her hand; in the background is Fama, who blows her horn. Title printed in red and black. Woodcut printer's mark on the title, depicting Fama hovering above a city, the motto is: 'Pax artium altrix') (Condition: Vellum somewhat soiled ans spotted. Small inkstain on the front board. All four ties gone) (Note: Not much is known about the Italian Jesuit scholar Orazio Torsellini, or Orazio Torsellino, latinized as Horatius Tursellinus, 1545-1599. Tursellinus taught at several Jesuit Colleges in Italy, and lectured for 20 year at the 'Collegium Romanum' in Rome. His most important works are De particulis latinae orationis, a biography of the Jesuit missionary Franciscus Xaverius, published in 1596, and a universal history Epitome Historiarum libri X which treated in 10 books the complete history, from Adam till 1598, and which remained popular for centuries on schools and universities. For a long time it was used even at the protestant universities in the Dutch Republic. 100 or more editions and adaptations were produced until 1845. Right from the start it was a success, and became a standard. The book was reissued in Italy in Rome, Venice, Milan and Perugia, in France in Douai, Lyon, Paris, Rouen, Caen, Toulouse, and in Germany in Cologne, München and Frankfurt, generally cities where Jesuits had their colleges. The first edition in the Low Countries appeared in The Hague in 1678, and was edited by Johann Conrad Nuber, who introduced this manual at the University of Leiden. In 1688 and in 1695 it was reissued in Franeker, followed by editions produced by the Utrecht printer W. vande Water in 1710, 1718, 1730 and 1744. In 1708 a Dutch translation was published in Amsterdam. The manual was published for the last time in The Low Countries in 1786. The continuatio till 1624, incorporated in this edition of 1718, was produced by the French historian Henri de Sponde (Henricus Spondanus), and adopted from his Annales Baronii. (See for Tursellinus: H.W.A.M. Sancisi Weerdenburg, 'Lege veteres, sperne recentiores : Tursellinus en het achttiende-eeuwse geschiedenisonderwijs', in Utrechtse Historische Cahiers, Jaargang 17, (1996) 1: 'Studeren en promoveren in Utrecht', p. 22/35; and also 'Biographie Universelle, ancienne et moderne', Paris, 1826, vol. 46, p. 233/4). § This historical work is of course outdated, but nowadays every classical scholar still knows Tursellinus, which is to say, that he/she knows and sometimes uses: 'Tursellinus seu de particulis Latinis commentarii' in the edition that was published by the German scholar Ferdinand Gotthelf Hand, Leipzig 1829/45, and later reprinted by Hakkert in 1969. This work, first published in Rome as De particulis latinae orationis, and brought Tursellinus fame among classical scholars. It offered the student of eloquence the means to speak coherently by the correct use of those small particles and adverbs which glue his speech together. Tursellinus his highly praised by H.J. Sandys for his accurate scholarship) (Collation: pi1, *8 (minus leaf *8 = pi1), A-2R6) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120176

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Geschichte alte Geschichte ancient history antike altertum antiquity history

MAXIMUS TYRIUS.

V.C. Maximi Tyri Philosophi Platonici Dissertationes XLI. Graece. Cum interpretatione, notis, & emendationibus Danielis Heinsii. Accessit Alcinoi In doctrinam Platonis introductio ab eodem emendata: & alia ejusdem generis.

Leiden, (Lugduni Batavorum), Apud Joannem Patium, Acad. Typogr., 1607. 8vo. 3 parts in 1: (XXIII),(1 blank),408; (12),411,(4),(1 blank); (159 unnumbered pages),(1 blank) p. Vellum 17.5 cm (Ref: Hoffmann 2,585; Schweiger 1,204; Dibdin 2,232; Graesse 4,453; Ebert 13450; Brunet 3,1552) (Details: Two thongs laced through the joints. Each part has its own title, the first is in red & black. Woodcut printer's mark of Paets on the titles, depicting a winged young woman who holds a scythe in her left hand and an opened book in her right arm) (Condition: Vellum age-toned and spotted. Tiny hole in the vellum of the lower board. Both pastedowns detached. Bookplate pasted on inside of the upper board. First title finger soiled. Almost invisible pinpoint wormhole at the tip of the right upper corner of ca. 250 p. Paper yellowing) (Note: The Greek Platonist Maximus Tyrus, ca. 125-185 AD, was an itinerant philosopher, who left us 41 dissertations (dalexeis) on theological, ethical and philosophical subjects. These lectures are not great literature, nor specimina of great learning. Philosophical originality is not be be looked for in these lectures.The author offers a pleasant prensentation of a theme, and his lectures 'are simply eloquent exhortations to virtue decked out in quotations, chiefly from Plato, and Homer'. (OCD 2nd ed. 658) The themes are for example: 'die Lust (hêdonê, 29-33), sokratische Liebe (18-22), platonische Theologie (11), 'daimones' (8-9), Gebet (5), Weissagung und freier Wille (13), das Böse (41) und Wiedererinnerung (10)'. (Neue Pauly, 7,1074/75) Maximus Tyrius was widely read by humanists like Ficino, Bessarion and Poliziano. The 'editio princeps' was published in 1557 by the French scholar/publisher Henricus Stephanus. The next important and authorative edition was published in 1607 by the Dutch scholar Daniel Heinsius, 1580-1655, who was in 1607 librarian of the University of Leiden. In 1609 he succeeded as professor of Greek his praeceptor Josephus Justus Scaliger. The first 300 pages of the first part of this book contain the Greek text of the 'Dissertationes', followed by a number of Pythagorean fragments, and by 27 pages 'castigationes' on Maximus Tyrius by Henricus Stephanus. The pages 329-386 contain the Greek text of Alcinous' handbook of Platonism 'Introductio in Platonicam philosophiam'; the pages 387-408 contain Diogenes Laertius on Plato. The second part contains Heinsius's Latin translation of Maximus Tyrius and Alcinous; added are 33 pages with a Latin translation of the earlier mentioned Pythagorean fragments, made by the Dutch scholar Willem Canter. At the end 27 pages filled with Apuleius's 'De Deo Socratis liber, qui Maximi Dissertat. de eodem respondet'. Part 3 contains the notes of Heinsius. Heinsius based his edition of Maximus Tyrius on that of Stephanus, but 'quae corrupta erant emendavimus, quae obscuriora, leviter illustravimus'. (Part 1, leaf *6 recto) But he was a conservative and reserved text critic, 'Nobis', he explains 'temeritas nunquam placuit, et si quid in autoribus peccandum est, timidus videri malo quam audax'. (Part 3, leaf a4 recto/verso) Heinsius also produced the Latin translation and notes. In a 'Lectori' to the third part Heinsius tells that the French scholar Isaac Casaubon sent him a manuscript of Maximus Tyrius's 'Dissertationes'. It arrived too late for amending the Greek text and Latin translation, but Heinsius used it for and in his notes. Heinsius received also some excerpts (excerpta quaedam) of Sixtus Arcerius, and the Heidelberg professor Marquard Freher, 1565-1614, sent him a manuscript from the Palatine Library) (Provenance: Armorial bookplate of the barony 'Sinclair', a shield divided into 4 fields, flanked by 2 griffons, a baron's coronet on top, above which a peer's helmet with mantlings, and a crest, consisting of a swam on its nest. Each of the four fields is filled with what seems a ship under sail. Old manuscript shelfmark on and under the bookplate. The motto reads: 'Fide sed pugna', 'with faith, but with fist') (Collation: *8, 2*4 (leaf 2*4 verso blank); a-u8, x4, y-cc8; pi2, b-dd8, cc4, a-k8) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120123

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Alcinous Apuleius Greek literature Greek philosophy Griechische Literatur Heinsius Maximus Tyrius Plato Platonismus Pythagoras antike altertum antiquity griechische Philosophie platonism second sophistic zweite Sophistik

MAXIMUS TYRIUS.

MAXIMOU TURIOU LOGOI. Maximi Tyrii Dissertationes. Ex interpretatione Danielis Heinsii. Recensuit & notulis illustravit Joannes Davisius, Coll. Regin. apud Cantabr. Socius.

Cambridge (Cantabrigiae), Ex Officina Joann. Hayes, celeberrimae Academiae Typographi, 1703. 8vo. (XVI),435,(1 blank);(10 index),(2 blank) p. Vellum 20 cm (Ref: ESTC Citation No. T98323; Hoffmann 2,586: 'Diese Ausgabe übertrifft die früheren'; Dibdin p. 2,233: 'Foreign critics seem to consider Davies the best editor of Maximus Tyrius. (.) but it is to be regretted that Heinsius's notes are not given entire. At the bottom of each page some short critical and historical observations are given; and there are two very useful indexes'; Brunet 3,1552; Graesse 4,453; Ebert 13454: 'Die Anmerkungen sind theils kritisch, theils die Geschichte der Philosophie betreffend'; Spoelder p. 578, 's-Gravenhage 3) (Details: Prize copy, without the prize. 6 thongs laced through the joints. Boards with double fillet gilt borders and the coat of arms of The Hague in the center. Woodcut printers' mark on title, with the University's motto: 'Hinc lucem et pocula sacra', 'From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge'. At the end is bound a manuscript 'actio gratiarum' of 16 lines, i.e. a note of thanks. (See Provenance below)) (Condition: Vellum slightly scratched and soiled. Lower margin of the first 30 p. very slightly waterstained. Prize gone) (Note: The Greek Platonist Maximus Tyrius, ca. 125-185 AD, was an itinerant philosopher/lecturer, who lived during the Second Sophistic, and left us 41 dissertations (dialexeis) on theological, ethical and philosophical subjects. The lectures were delivered in Rome, apparently during the reign of Commodus (180-92). They deal with ethics, physics, theology and epistemology, but are not great literature, nor specimina of great learning. Themes are for example: 'die Lust (hêdonê, 29-33), sokratische Liebe (18-22), platonische Theologie (11), 'daimones' (8-9), Gebet (5), Weissagung und freier Wille (13), das Böse (41) und Wiedererinnerung (10)'. (Neue Pauly, 7,1074/75) Maximus Tyrius 'was well read in Greek literature, but apparently not in Greek philosophy except in Plato, of whom he claimed to be a follower. His lectures show no philosophical originality, and are simple eloquent exhortations to virtue decked out with quotations, chiefly from Plato and Homer'. (OCD 2nd ed. p. 658) As a philosophic orator he is comparable with contemporaries like Dio Chrysostomus and Apuleius. He was widely read by the humanists of the 15th century, e.g. Poliziano, Bessarion, Lascaris, Reuchlin. The 'editio princeps' was published in 1557 by the French scholar/publisher Henricus Stephanus. The next important and authorative edition was published in 1607 by the Dutch classicist Daniel Heinsius, 1580-1655. The English scholar John Davies, Fellow of Queens' College at Cambridge based the Greek text of his edition on that of Stephanus, he tells us in the 'praefatio', and adopted the Latin translation of Heinsius with corrections, and with notes and 2 useful indexes of his own. (p. *4 verso) John Davies, or Joannes Davisius, 1679-1732, studied at Queens College, of which he was elected fellow, and subsequently became Rector, or Praeses, in 1717. He chiefly devoted his attention to the philosophical works of Cicero. His editions show great learning and knowledge of the history of and the systems of ancient philosophy. Davies also produced editions of Caesar, Minucius Felix and Lactantius. He was a friend and ally of the greatest classical scholar of his age Richard Bentley) (Provenance: At the end has been added a leaf with the text of the 'Actio gratiarum' of the schoolboy who received this book: 'Celeberissime Princeps. Nobilissimi atque Amplissimi Scholae curatores. Doctissime Rector. Quanto diligentius vestram in me munificentiam mente agito, tanto amplior beneficii vestri magnitudo mihi videtur, Viri Nobilissimi, quod praemio hoc magnifico iterum decoratus laudibusque et victoria clarus in altiorem militiae scholasticae gradum promoveor. Quocirca nolite dubitare, Curatores nobilissimi, sinceram benignitatis vestrae memoriam nullo apud me tempore esse intermorituram. Credite vero nihil unquam quidquam deincpes mihi dulcius fore, quam si meum in Vos animum gratissimum meamque observantiam Vobis probare queam'. See for this kind of speeches Spoelder, Prijsboeken op de Latijnse School. Amsterdam 2000, p. 176/184) (Collation: *8, A-2E8 (leaf 2E8 blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130110

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Binding Greek literature Griechische Literatur Maximus Tyrius Prize copy Prize copy The Hague ancient philosophy antike Philosophie antike altertum antiquity

VARRO.

M. Terentii Varronis, Pars librorum quattuor et viginti de lingua latina. Ex Bibliotheca Antonii Augustini.

Rome (Romae), Apud Vincentium Luchinum, 1557. (Colophon at the end: Romae, Apud Antonium Bladium impressorem Cameralem, 1557). 8vo. (XXIV),211,(1 blank),(43 index),(1 blank),(99 index),(1 blank) p. Modern cloth 17 cm (Ref: EDIT16 CNCE 35852; Schweiger 2,1118; Brunet 5,1092; Graesse 6/2, 263; Ebert 23393) (Details: A vellum look-a-like cloth binding from ca. 1900. See for this date the provenance below) (Condition: Binding somewhat soiled. Both flyleaves browning. Title and last page dust-soiled. Small piece of the right upper corner of the first 2 leaves worn away. Blank right upper corner of 88 pages, somewhere in the middle of the book, cut off. Some foxing. A few allmost invisible pinpoint wormholes at the right edge of the first half. Some wormholes in the margin of 50 pages of the index, sometimes nibbling at a few letters) (Note: The Roman Encyclopaedist Marcus Terentius Varro, 116-27 B.C., was a landowner on a large scale, and member of the senatorial class. Though the bulk of his works are lost, he is considered to be the greatest scholar ancient Rome produced. His writings cover nearly every domain of science, except mathematics. 'A remarkable fact is that he was not a dry pedant, but one whose works included witty and lively sketches of life, side by side with long and very erudite treatises'. (H.J. Rose, 'A handbook of Latin Literature', London 1967 p. 220) The 'de re rustica' is his only complete work that is preserved. Of the 'de lingua latina' (on the latin language), Varro's principle work in 24 books on language, only 6 books remain fairly complete, the books 5 to 10. Book 1 was the introduction, 2/4 were on etymology in general, 5/7 on the etymologies of particular classes of words. 'It hardly need be said that Varro does not group them as a modern philologist would, and has no idea of the immutable or nearly immutable phonetic laws which govern the development of speech'. (Op. cit. p. 222) Books 8/12, are on declension (declinatio), including the additions of suffixes and the like. Books 12/24 were on syntax. The style is plain, but with 'all its faults and its incompleteness, however, the work is of much importance in the history of linguistic study'. (Op.cit., ibid.) 'De lingua latina' is a work of great importance in the history of linguistic studies. § During the Renaissance a renewal of interest in Latin grammar occurred. Medieval vocabulary and terminology, and sloppy grammar were rejected, and the primary of the Latin of the classical period was reasserted. This process was stimulated by the gradual rediscovery of previously unknown texts of classical authors, among which Varro's de lingua Latina was one of the most important. The printed text of de lingua latina is based on an 11th century manuscript Florentinus F, and was first published in 1471. The Spanish humanist Antonio Agustín Albanell, 1517 - 1586, latinized as Antonius Augustinus, is now remembered as the first canon law historian, and not as a classical scholar. This edition of 1557 of 'de lingua latina' of Varro is a reissue of an edition which was first published in Rome in 1554. In it Agustín followed 'the interpolated manuscripts and banished every archaism from the text, a process that met with protest from Turnebus and Scaliger'. (E.J. Sandys, A history of Classical Scholarship, N.Y., 1964, 2,160) This edition, notwithstanding the criticism of both great scholars, remained the standard text till that of Spengel of 1826. Agustín lists on p. 1 the names of the scholars who contributed 'emendationes' to his edition: Pomponius Laetus, Angelus Tifernas, Fran. Rolandellus, Aldus Manutius, Michael Bentinus, Angelus Colotius, Octavius Pantagathus, Petrus Victorius, Ant. Augustinus, Gabriel Faernus) (Provenance: Small green booklabel pasted on the front pastedown of 'George Gregory, Bookseller to H.M. Queen Alexandra, Bath'. George Gregory lives on in the name of the antique prints department, the George Gregory Gallery, of the British antiquarian bookseller George Bayntun. Bayntun tells on his website that George Gregory established his bookshop in Bath in 1846 and proudly proclaimed it to be 'The World’s Book Store'. He held the Royal Warrant as Bookseller to Queen Alexandra, and was President of the Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association from 1915 to 1918. George Bayntun and W.J. Crudgington bought the business in 1924 and moved into new premises in Green Street, Bath. § This book was sold by Gregory, so its binding must be older than 1924, or more probable 1918. § This edition must be rare, the last recorded copy in 'Rare Books Hub, formerly the Americana Exchange' dates from 1964) (Collation: *-2*8, A-M8, N6; O-P8, Q6 (leaf Q6 verso blank); Aa-Ff8, Gg2 (leaf Gg2 verso blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120193

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Etymologie Grammatik Latin linguistics Latin literature Syntax Varro antike altertum antiquity etymology grammar lateinische Sprachwissenschaft römische Literatur syntaxis

VERGILIUS.

Vergilius Maro ex editione Nic. Heinsii & P. Burmanni.

Amsterdam (Amstelaedami), Apud Jac. Wetstenium, 1744. 12mo. (XXXII),328 p., engraved title. Vellum 12.5 cm (Ref: Schweiger 2,1174; Graesse 6/2,342) (Details: Nice copy. Back ruled gilt, and with a green shield in the second compartment. The engraved title shows scenes from the work of Vergil. On the verso of leaf *2 an engraved portrait of Vergil, after a gem from the collection of Fulivius Ursinus. Clear typography, Latin text only) (Condition: Vellum age-tanned. Ownership inscriptions on the front pastedown and the front flyleaf) (Note: The Bucolics, Georgics and the Aeneid of the Roman poet Vergil, 70-19 BC, were already classic in antiquity. In the Middle Ages Vergil was also widely read. Of no other Latin author survive so many manuscripts as of Vergil. He never fell out of favour, and he did not need to be revived. He 'became a European classic, not only in the sense that he was a central author for many European readers for many centuries, but also in the further sense that his works crucially helped such readers to define themselves as Europeans'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass. 2010, p. 965.) Vergil's work was used for opera's (Orfeo), for epics (Paradise Lost), by painters, et alii. Vergil was served well by numerous editions and translations. It is a well known bon mot to say the Vergil's legacy to Western literature is Western literature. § This edition of 1744 is based on the earlier edition of Nicolaas Heinsius, 1620-1681. He was a Dutch diplomat and classical scholar who never held any academic appointment. Few scholars have examined so many Latin manuscripts, and in 'making his selection from the vast mass of variants he was guided by a fine taste and a sound judgment acquired by long experience'. He edited several Latin poets, among whom Vergil (1664). His editions laid the foundations of the textual criticism of those authors. Heinsius' notes on Vergil came after his death in the hands of Burmannus Senior. (Sandys 2, 323/6; 443/5, 455) Thereupon Burmannus Senior decided to produce a new Vergil edition. However, while he was preparing this edition, his sudden death interrupted the project. It was his uncle's will (ut ipse jusserat), Burmannus Junior tells us in the preface to this edition of 1744, to put the finishing touch to the project (ut suprema operi imponeretur manus). While Burmannus Junior was working on his uncle's edition of Vergil, the publisher, Jacobus Wetstenius, in the mean time decided, Burmannus tells, to bring a small version (minoris formae editionem hanc) of this ambitious Vergil project on the market. This slim edition of 1744 was to offer in a handy format, and at a low price, a kind of appetizer or first course to a tasty meal, 'ut quasi praegustata hac promulside lectores mox ad lautiores invitaret epulas'. (Preface, Lectori Benevolo, p. *2 recto) This tasty and opulent meal came two year later. In 1746 Petrus Burmannus Junior finally published in four volumes Vergil's Opera, cum integris & emendatioribus commentariis Servii, Philargyrii, Pierii. Accedunt Fulvii Ursini, Georgii Fabricii, Francisci Nansii, Joh. Musonii, Tanaquilli Fabri et aliorum, ac praecipue Nicolai Heinsii notae nunc primum editae; quibus & suas in omne opus animadversiones, & variantes in Servium lectiones addidit Petrus Burmannus. Post cujus obitum interruptam editionis curam suscepit & adornavit Petrus Burmannus junior. § Petrus Burmannus Senior, 1668-1741, was professor of Latin at the University of Utrecht since 1696, and at Leiden since 1715. Fabricius/Ernesti hold the Vergil edition which Burmannus Senior was preparing in high esteem: 'Haec igitur editio est omnium princeps et canon Vergilii posthac luculenter edendi'. He adds that the text is 'optime constitutum'. Burmannus Senior, who was famous as manufacturer of Variorum editions, confined himself to the editing of Latin classics. He was regarded by Ruhnken as the equal of Nicolaas Heinsius in learning, but inferior in acumen and in emendatory skill. His nephew Petrus Burmannus Junior, 1714-1778, was in 1742 appointed professor of Latin at the Athenaeum Illustre of Amsterdam. Sandys considers him to be superior in his intellectual attainments to his uncle. He appointed himself 'exécuteur littéraire' of the still unpublished works of his uncle, who had spent his last years on Claudian and Vergil) (Provenance: On the front pastdown: 'Daniel H. Newell, Rome . 1884'. On the front flyleaf: 'A.G. Larman, 1947') (Collation: *-**8, A-T8, U4, X8) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120184

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Burmannus Heinsius Latin literature Vergil Vergilius Virgil antike altertum antiquity römische Literatur

VIGERUS,F.

De praecipuis Graecae dictionis idiotismis. Auctore Francisco Vigero Rotomagensi.

Leiden (Lugd. Batav.), Apud Danielem à Gaesbeeck, 1680. 12mo. (XVI),492;28,(88 index),(4 blank) p. Overlapping vellum 13 cm (Ref: Brunet 5,1216) (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Manuscript title on the back. Woodcut printer's mark on the title, depicting the entrance of a safe harbour; in the foreground a big wooden semaphore, the entrance is between 2 rocks on which 2 columns stand (the columns of Hercules?); in the distance 2 ships, ready to enter; the motto reads: 'Intelligentibus') (Condition: Vellum age-toned, and slightly soiled. Name on the front pastedown. A few old ink underlinings and 1 ink annotation by the first owner) (Note: The French Jesuit scholar and hellenist François Viger or Vigier, latinized as Franciscus Vigerus, was born in Rouen (Rothomagus) in 1590. He died there in 1647. Vigerus is best known for his linguistic treatise De Idiotismis præcupuis linguæ graecae, which was first published in Paris in 1632. It enjoyed for two centuries throughout Europe many revised and augmented editions. It is due to significant increases made by the Hellenists Hoogeveen, Zeune and Hermann that this work continued to be used in schools in Germany, Holland and England well into the nineteenth century, till it was made obsolete by a new linguistic approach. Vigerus is known among patricists for his translation into Latin with accompanying commentary of Eusebius Præparatio Evangelica, a three volume set in folio, Paris, 1628) (Provenance: : On the pastedown: 'Julius Micrander, Holm, 1680'. Julius Eric Micrander Uplandiensis, 1640-1702, was a Swedish professor, rector of Uppsala University, member of parliament. At the age of 10 he entered the university of Uppsala. In 1676 he was appointed there extraordinary professor of Greek, a year later he became ordinarius. In 1685 he was also appointed professor of theology. As a professor of theology, he ended up in the eye of the storm of the Cartesian battle which raged at the University. Micrander was influenced by the German theologian Johann Adam Osiander and published his strongly anti-Cartesian Collegium theologicum in præcipuas Controversies theo Logica habitum Olim in Sweden in 1690. The opinion of Micrander was that Descartes' philosophy threatened the purity of the evangelical faith. (Source Wikipedia 'Julius Micrander', English & Swedish) (Collation: *8, A-V12, X6, Y12, Z6; 2A-2G6 (leaf 2G5 & 2G6 blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120186

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Grammatik Greek linguistics antike altertum antiquity grammar griechische Sprachewissenschaft

VOET,P.

Pauli Voet, Gisb. Fil. Juris in Acad. Ultraject. Antecessoris, & Vianensis Camerae Senatoris De duellis, ex omni jure decisis casubus, liber singularis. Editione iterata auctus, et emendatus.

Utrecht (Ultrajecti), Ex officina Johannis à Waesberge, 1658. 12mo. (VIII),384 p. Vellum. 14 cm (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Woodcut printer's mark on the title, depicting Pallas Athena under an apple tree, motto: 'Et flore et fructu') (Condition: Vellum soiled and spotted. Fading manuscript title on the back. Front flyleaf removed) (Note: The Dutchman Paulus Voet, latinized as Paulus Voetus, or Voetius, 1619-1667, was a jurist, classical scholar and philosopher. In 1640 he took his Magister's degree, and was appointed a year later professor extraordinarius of Metaphysics at the University of Utrecht. There he showed himself an opponent of the philosophy of René Descartes. In the meantime he studied law, and got his law degree in 1645. A professorship of Logic and of Greek was offered to him in 1648. In 1645 he had already published his 'In Herodiani Marcum et Commodum Notae'. From 1652 he lectured also on law. He was a member of the Chamber of Justice in the nearby city of Vianen. As a professor of law he has laid with his publications the foundations of international private law, as he dealt with the question why a sovereign state should apply foreign law on its territory. In 1646 Voet published the first edition of his work on duels 'De duellis licitis et illicitis, liber singularis', in which he examined the phenomenon insult and duel. In 1658 he published a second revised and augmented edition. Voet furiously opposed duelling. Duellist were in his opinion rather meticulosi than audaces, men full of fear instead of audacia, courage and intrepidity. It would be better if unworthy revilers, who insulted men of honour, would not be given the opportunity to duel, but would be punished with infamia, disgrace. If this was done 'non adeo audacter & licentiose conviciatores, qui responso digni non sunt, in virorum bonorum famam grassarentur'. (p. 310) In chapter 35, the last chapter, which is on slander, he reveals his own involvement. Voet tells how his father and he were once the victim of slander. (p. 311/13) He reminds there how the Dukes of Brabant, in order to prevent duelling, proclaimed 'se offenso honoris reparationem curaturos', that they would secure the honour of those insulted. (p. 319) If someone had dealt another soldier a box on the ear (alapa, colaphus), he would receive a box on the ear or a kick in front of his batallion (in presentia cohortis), would be disarmed, and then be sacked) (Provenance: On the front pastedown: 'Delfosse, 1769) (Collation: *4, A-P12, Q8, R4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120185

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dutch history Recht law niederländische Geschichte

VOLNEY,C.F.

Les ruines, ou méditation sur les révolutions des empires. 12e édition. On y a joint La loi naturelle.

Paris, Bossange Frères, Libraires, 1822. XXV,(1 blank),383,(1 blank) p., engraved portrait, engraved frontispiece, 1 engraved plate, and 2 folding tables, showing a map of Europe, Africa & Asia, and a celestial map with the signs of the zodiac. Half calf 13.5 cm (Condition: Boards and corners somewhat scuffed. Some slight foxing) (Note: The French historian, philosopher and orientalist Constantin François de Chassebœuf de Volney, 1757-1820, is one of the founding fathers of the Black Athena theory. After a trip to the Middle East in 1782 he suggested that the ancient Egyptians were originally black Africans, and that the Egyptians of his time were mulats with mixed blood. 'Les anciens Égyptiens étaient de vrais Nègres de l'espèce de tous les naturels d'Afrique; et dès-lors, on explique comment leur sang, allié depuis plusieurs siècles à celui des Romains et des Grecs, a dû perdre l'intensité de sa première couleur, en conservant cependant l'empreinte de son moule originel (.); de penser que cette race d'hommes noirs, aujourd'hui notre esclave et l'objet de nos mépris, est celle-là même à qui nous devons nos arts, nos sciences, et jusqu'à l'usage de la parole'. (Voyage en Syrie et en Égypte, pendant les années 1783, 1784 & 1785, Paris 1785, p. 75/6) § In 1791 Volney published his 'Les Ruines, ou méditations sur les révolutions des empires', an essay on the philosophy of history. 'L'auteur se met en scène sur les ruines de Palmyre; et là il se livre à de profondes méditations sur la destruction de tant d'empires à qui leur puissance colossale semblait promettre une éternelle durée, et qui n'en ont pas moins obéi à cette loi de la nature qui veut que tout périsse. Dans ce même ouvrage, Volney établit la nécessité de la tolérance religieuse, reconnue aujourd'hui par tous les esprits éclairés. (.) Les Ruines n'en passent pas moins pour une des productions les plus remarquables de la littérature de la fin du XVIIIe siècle'. (Wikipédia s.v. Volney) Some of the central ideas in Les Ruines stirred the imagination of its readers. It predicted the final union of all religions by the recognition of the common truth underlying them all, and stated that empires rise if government allows enlightened self-interest to flourish) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120374

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Alter Orient Egypt French literature alte Geschichte ancient Near East ancient history französiche Literatur Ägypten

VONDEL,J. VAN DEN.

J. v. Vondels Palamedes, of vermoorde Onnozelheit. Treurspel, met aantekeningen uit 's Digters mondt opgeschreven. Den tweeden druk merkelyk vermeerdert (Bound with:) J. van Vondels Hekeldigten, met aantekeningen, uit 's Digters mont op geschreven, nooit voor dezen gedrukt. (Added:) Vertroosting voor de onnosele en bedroefde ingezetenen van Hollandt, over de doodt van zyn Hoogheit Prins Wilhem den II.

Amersfoort, ('t Amersfoort), By Pieter Brakman, 1707. 8vo. 2 volumes in 1: (16),82; (2),154,14,(4) p., frontispiece and 4 & 8 engraved plates. 19th century half calf 17 cm (Ref: Schuytvlot 35,468; Unger 16,140; STCN ppn 266055184) (Details: 'Pieter Brakman' was a pseudonym of the bookseller Pieter van der Veer in Rotterdam. (See: Ton Jongenelen. 'De Keurdigten. Het levenswerk van Pieter van der Goes, boekverkooper.' In: Mededelingen van de Stichting Jacob Campo Weyerman. 27 (2004), p. 57-67. Online at the site of DBNL). § Volume 1 opens with a frontispiece & has 4 plates (of which 2 folding); the frontispiece, signed 'F. Ble' (possibly Frans van Bleyswyck), depicts the stoning of Palamedes by the Greek before the walls of Troy, as told by the Greek poet Apollodorus; portrait of the poet J. van den Vondel engraved by P. van Gunst (p. 1); an allegoric triumph scene of prince Frederik Hendrik of Orange, the protector of the Dutch republic (p. 1); 2 folding plates, both depicting the Binnenhof in The Hague on the day of the beheading of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt in 1619. The first of them lacks the 2 small moveable overlays, a slip of paper, both depicting part of a building. The absent overlays should have hidden a small portrait of Van Oldenbarnevelt and the arrest of Van Oldenbarnevelt. One of the absent overlays, meant to cover the scene with the arrest, has erroneously been pasted on the second of the folding plates, which shows a slightly different version of the beheading scene; the second plate was not designed for overlays. (p. 59) § Volume 2 has 8 plates. Plate 1 shows the laureate poet (Vondel) amidst wild beasts that want to devour him; this plate should have been bound before page 1 of the first volume (p. 1); plate 2 shows the famous scale scene, where prince Maurits puts his sword on the scale in favour of the strict Calvinist Gomarus (p. 5); plate 3, a portrait of J. van Oldenbarnevelt, engraved by P. van Gunst. (p. 41); plate 4, a portrait of Hugo de Groot, engraved by P. van Gunst (p. 114); plate 5, a portrait of prince William II, who Vondel attacked for his infamous assault on Amsterdam (p. 147); plate 6, a portrait of Cornelis de Wit, engraved by P. van Gunst (p. 153); plate 7, portrait of his brother Johan de Wit, engraved by P. van Gunst (p. 154); plate 8, the famous Rotterdam statue of Erasmus (p. 14 at the end)) (Condition: Binding worn. Two small pieces of paper on the lower board gone. Small and not disturbing wormhole in the inner margin of the last 120 p., not affecting any text. The folds of the folding plates are somewhat worn, one outer margin of a folding plate has a paper repair. Lacking 1 folding plate, depicting the burial of Tyter, the dog of Schout Bont) (Collation: Volume 1: pi1, *8 (including the frontispiece, a portrait van Vondel, followed by the triumph scene), A-E8, (F)2 (minus blank leaf F2; after p. 58 2 folding plates) Volume 2: pi2 (title and frontispiece); A-K8, L6) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120329

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dutch history Dutch literature Greek mythology Nachleben Niederländische Literatur Rezeption Vondel antike altertum antiquity griechische Mythologie niederländische Geschichte reception

VORSTIUS,J.

De latinitate merito suspecta, Deque vitiis sermonis latini, quae vulgo fere non animadvertuntur, liber; quem alter, de latinitate falso suspecta, antecessit, auctore Johanne Vorstio. Editio nova auctior & cum indice. (Bound with volume 2:) De latinitate falso suspecta, deque Latinae Linguae cum Germanica convenientia liber, auctore Johanne Vorstio. Adjecti sunt plenissimi indices. Editio tertia priori correctior.

Ad 1: Berlin (Berlini), Impensis Danielis Reichelii, bibliop. Typis Christophori Fleischeri, 1682. Ad 2: Berlin, (Berolini), Sumptibus Joh. Fried. Gleditschii, 1690. 8vo. 2 volumes in 1: (VIII),282 (recte 272);(8 index); (XII);298;(26 index) p. Vellum 17 cm (Ref: Ad 1: VD17 12:130206A; Ad 2: VD17 3:314302R) (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Manuscript title on the back. Title in red and black) (Condition: Vellum soiled and spotted. Front flyleaf removed. Small name on the first title. Blank lower corner of the first title cut off. Paper browning, as usual with German books of that period) (Note: The German philologist and theologian Johann Vorst, or Johannes Vorstius, 1623-1676, became after his studies master at several gymnasia (Flensburg, Berlin), meanwhile increasing his fame by producing learned books and editions of various Latin authors. The Philologia Sacra being the center of his work, he was also in his time one of the most distinguished experts on Hebrew. These works, his classical work, and his schoolbooks are now forgotten. He lives however on in the history of German linguistics, through a small booklet: 'Observationum in linguam vernaculam specimen' (Coloniae Brandenburg, 1669). Vorstius was inspired by the Roman linguist Varro, and as a sample of his intensive study of his mother tongue and its history, he offers in 19 chapters as many etymological monographies. Not one of his etymological studies is completely wrong, most of them actually are proofs of his admirable linguistic insight. Vorstius knew everything that was printed in Germany, the Netherlands, England and Scandinavia on the remains of older germanic languages. His arrangement of forms and meanings is chronologically generally correct, and he refrained from the irrelevant etymological riddles, that were so popular in his time. He didnot juggle with Hebrew, and showed his knowledge of Latin and Greek only in instructive parallels and analogies. (ADB 40,308/09) Traces of his linguistic and etymological interest can be found in the second part of De latinitate merito and falso suspecta, where Vorstius offers analogies between the Greek, Latin and German languages. De latinitate merito and falso suspecta is a study in Latin style, how to speak and write pure Latin. The correct use of Latin was in the 17th and 18th century still considered to be of importance. The use of exemplary Latin was for some scholars of that period the same as practising pure science. De latinitate merito and falso suspecta was first published in Berlin in 1669. Revised and augmented 2nd, 3rd and 4th editions appeared in 1674, 1669, 1682, 1698, 1703 and 1722) (Provenance: On the title in old ink 'C. Stemel') (Collation: Ad 1: ):(8, A-R8, S4. Ad 2: )(6, A-U8. X2) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120191

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Latin lingistics Neolatin Neulatein antike altertum antiquity lateinische Sprachwissenschaft

VOSSIUS,G.J. (& I. VOSSIUS).

Gerardi Ioannis Vossii Dissertationes tres de tribus symbolis, Apostolico, Athanasiano et Constantinopolitano. (Bound with:) Gerardi Ioannis Vossii Dissertatio gemina; una de Iesu Cristi genealogia; altera de annis, quibus natus, baptizatus, mortuus. (And:) Gerardi Joh. Vossi Chronologiae sacrae Isagoge, sive de ultimis mundi antiquitatibus, ac imprimis de temporibus rerum Hebraearum dissertationes VIII. (And:) Isaaci Vossii Castigationes ad scriptum Georgii Hornii de aetate mundi.

Ad 1: Amsterdam (Amsterdami), Apud Iohannem Blaeu, 1642. Ad 2: Amsterdam (Amsterdami), Apud Iohannem Blaeu, 1643. Ad 3 & 4: The Hague (Hagae-Comitis), Ex typographia Adriani Vlacq, 1659. 4to. 4 volumes in 1: (VIII),93,(13),(2 blank) p. (XIX),43,(3),(1 blank), 69,(11) p. (VIII),132 p. (XXIV),48 p. Vellum 20.5 cm (Ref: Ad 1: STCN ppn 852560893; Rademaker no. 25. Ad 2: STCN ppn 852560826; Rademaker no. 26. Ad 3: STCN: ppn 852371721; Rademaker no. 40. Ad 4: STCN ppn. 852369301) (Details: 6 thongs laced through the joints. 4 title pages, of which 3 have a printer's mark, and 2 are printed in red and black) (Condition: Vellum age-tanned and slightly warped. Short table of content written in an old hand on the verso of the first flyleaf. Small wormhole (almost invisible) in the blank lower margin of first 100 leaves) (Note: Gerardus Joannes Vossius, 1577-1649, was according to Sandys 'the greatest Polyhistor of his time'. In 1622 he was appointed professor of 'Eloquentiae' at Leiden University, and in 1631 professor of History at Amsterdam. In this city he had the opportunity to apply himself to the study of the Bible and the history of the ancient Church. Vossius earned for himself with his theological works the title 'father of modern credal studies'. He applied in his theological studies a philological method 'to an area of scholarship which during his time had hardly been entered, and which in that period of church conflict was generally regarded as very dangerous territory. Vossius had the courage to be the first to take a completely new path'. (C.S. Rademaker, Life and Work of Gerardus Joannes Vossius', Assen 1981, p. 322) Vossius' approach was purely philological. He subjected the relevant texts to a literary and historical criticism. Ad 1: In 1642 Vossius published a study on the creeds. Concerning the 'Symbolum Apostolicum' (Apostles' Creed) he comes to a for that time daring conclusion: 'The Apostles' Creed was not drawn up by the apostles themselves but came into existence in the congregation of Rome and was framed by the bishop and clergy of Rome as compendium of the doctrine of the apostles'. (Idem, p. 319) Concerning the 'Symbolum' attributed to the Church Father Athanasius he proves on philological grounds that the creed was not written by Athanasius, but that it was only a patchwork of his formulations. (Idem, p. 320) Concerning the 'Symbolum Constantinopolitanum' he proves that this 'Symbolum' was not framed by the Council of Constantinople (381), but was in fact an elaboration on the Nicean Creed (325). (Idem, p. 320) Ad 2: The second work in this convolute treats the exegetical problems presented by the genealogies of Jesus Christ in the Gospels. Vossius 'discusses the many and complex problems connected to establish the year of Jesus' birth chronologically'. (Idem, p. 313) Ad 3: This work on chronology was published posthumeously by Vossius' son Isaac, 1618-1689. In it Vossius examines the divisions in history made by Hesiodus (gold, silver, bronze and iron age) and the scheme of the four monarchies of the prophecy of Daniel. Vossius rejected a prophetic prediction of the end of the world in the year 2000 AD, at the end of history. (Idem, p. 310/11) Ad 4: In 1659 the German historian Georg Horn (latinized as Georgius Hornius) published in Leiden, where he occupied from 1653 the prestigious chair of History, a chronological 'dissertatio de vera aetate mundi'. Horn had developped an interest in the history of religion and in secular history from a theological point of view. With his 'dissertatio de vera aetate mundi' started a long polemic with Isaac Vossius. The quarrel was about the date of creation. The dispute was whether the Hebrew or the Greek text of the Old Testament gave a more reliable chronology, for the world was according to the Septuaginta a millennium or more older than the Hebrew Bible said. Hundreds of scholars in the 16th and 17th century made different calculations. Isaac Vossius e.g. dated the Deluge according to the Septuaginta numbering of years, but Hornius was in favour of the Hebrew text. Vossius concluded that the Biblical text was unreliable. Hornius warned for the consequence of Vossius' theory, that the Holy Scripture was not always true) (Provenance: On the verso of the front flyleaf: 'H.W.Snabelius'. This is the German calvinist theologian Hieronymus Wilhelm Snabel, 1656-1702. In December 1702 one G. Meier speaks about his death in a letter to Leibniz, and writes that Snabel left a 'Bibliothecam imcomparabilem', and that the books and his famous collection of coins and medals (thesaurus numismatum praeclarus) will be auctioned soon. Snabel studied in Bremen, Leiden, Amsterdam and Utrecht. From 1681 till 1698 he was a minister of the protestant church in Holland. He returned to Bremen to preach there. In 1702 he was also Rector of the local Gymnasium. His son Wilhelm Snabel, who was a protestant minister in Haarlem, published after his death in Utrecht in 1727 six theological treatises of his father, with the title: 'Amoenitates theologiae emblematicae et typicae'. (Zedler 38,126/27) § On the same leaf: 'ex auct. Konigsmann'. The library of the next owner, the Lutherian theologian and pastor Andreas Ludwig Königsmann was auctioned in 1729. Köningsmann was born in 1679 in Schlesswig, studied in Kiel, and became later professor at the University of Kiel) (Collation: Ad 1: *4, A-M4, N6 (leaf N6 blank). Ad 2: *-2*4, 3*2 (leaf 3*2 verso blank), A-F4; 2A-K4. Ad 3: A4, A-Q4, R2. Ad 4: *- 3*4, A-F4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130109

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altes Testament Bibel Bible Binding Chronologie Old Testament Septuaginta Vetus Testamentum Vossius alte Geschichte ancient history antike altertum antiquity chronology