PLUTARCHUS.

Plutarchi Cheronaei Philosophi et Historici Vitae comparatae illustrium virorum graecorum & romanorum, ita digestae, ut temporum ordo seriesque constet. Hermanno Cruserio I.C. interprete. Cum indice verborum & rerum locupletissimo & fidelissimo. Tomus Secundus.

Lyon (Lugduni), Apud Antonium Gryphium, 1566. 16mo. 876,(60 index) p. 18th century red morocco. 12 cm Volume 2 (of 3) only (Ref: Hoffmann 3,198; Brunet 4,737; Graesse 5,361) (Details: Back gilt with floral motives, boards with gilt wavelike borders. Marbled endpapers. Woodcut printer's mark on the title, depicting a griffin, which mythological animal symbolizes courage, diligence, watchfulness, and rapidity of execution, used as a pun of the family name Gryph or Greif (of German origin). The motto is 'Virtute duce / comite fortuna', 'Virtue thy leader, fortune thy comrade', a quote from a letter of Cicero to Plancus. (Ep. ad Familiares, liber X,3) This second volume contains the Lives of Aristides/Cato Maior, Agis & Cleomenes/Tiber. & C. Gracchi, Pyrrhus/Marius, Lysander/Sulla, Eumenes/Sertorius, Cimon/Lucullus, Nicias/Crassus, Agesilaus/Pompeius, Phocion/Cato Minor) (Condition: Binding scuffed, especially at the extremities. Corners bumped. Superficial damage to both boards. The turn-in of the upper board partly and of the lower board almost completely gone. Edges partly faintly stained. Faint name on the title. The words 'Tomus Secundus' have been erased, resulting in a small hole in the title) (Note: The Greek philosophic stylist Plutarchus of Chaeroneia, ca. 46-120 A.D., wrote numerous short treatises on ethics and philosophy. He is however best known as historian and biographer. Plutarch composed with his famous 'Vitae' (or Parallel Lives), written ca. 100-120 A.D., a work of timeless quality. His aim was not writing history, but biography, so his chief interest was in the characters of the heroes and villains he portrayed, never avoiding a good story. Plutarch exercised a very profound influence on Western civilisation. His 'Vitae' has been one of the most frequently and continuously read books of the Werstern tradition. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass. 2010, p. 747.) Treacherous to the historian, Plutarch has won however since the Renaissance the affection of the many generations to whom he has been a main source of understanding of the ancient world, that is, early modern Europe discovered the ancient world through Plutarch's eyes. The Lives could gain an enormous impact by providing later biographers and literary authors an outstanding model. It is very well known for example that authors like Montaigne, Corneille, Racine, Rousseau, Schiller and Shakespeare heavily drew upon the Lives. Until the 19th century the Lives were invoked as models of totalitarism, anticlericalism by supporters and opponents. 'The founders of American democracy were avid readers of Plutarch as well, and some laced their prose with evidence of that fact. Franklin and Hamilton, in particular, proclaimed their admiration for the Lives' (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass., 2010, p. 749) § This Latin translation of 1566 was made by the Dutch humanist Herman Cruyser (or Crüser), in Latin Cruserius, born in 1510 in the Dutch city of Kampen. He was a jurist and diplomat for the duchess of Guelderland and for the duchess of Cleve, Jülich & Berg. In his sparetime he translated some treatises of Galenus and the 'Vitae' of Plutarch. His translation of the 'Vitae' was first published in Basel in 1564 in folio. On the title of that edition he is described as 'Ducis Clivensis & Iuliaensis consilarius, interpres elegantissimus ac fidelissimus'. Our edition of Gryphius of 1566, in smaller format and cheaper, is a reissue of that expensive folio edition of 1564. Hoffmann writes that the translation of Cruyser first appeared in 1561, but it seems that no one has ever seen a copy of that edition. Cruyser died in 1575. 'Als Wilhelms (Wilhelm, duke of Cleve and Jülich) älteste Tochter Maria Eleonore 1573 den geisteskranken Herzog Albrecht Friedrich von Preußen heiratete, begleitete Crüser sie als Gesandter und persönlicher Ratgeber und blieb bis zu seinem Tode bei ihr in Königsberg'. (NDB 3 (1957), p. 430) (Provenance: On the title the name of 'François Lamb') (Collation: Aa8, B-3M8, 3N4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120298

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Biographie Greek history Greek literature Griechische Literatur Plutarch Plutarchus Roman history antike altertum antiquity biography griechische Geschichte römische Geschichte vitae

PLUTARCHUS.

Traitté de la superstition, composé par Plutarque, & traduit par Mr. Le Fevre. Avec un Entretien sur la vie de Romulus.

Saumur, Par Jean Lesnier Marchand Libraire, 1666. 12mo. 52,117,(3) p. Calf 15 cm (Ref: Hoffmann 3,217; Graesse 5,369) (Details: Back with 4 raised bands; back and borders of the boards ruled blind. Woodcut printer's mark on the title of Jean Lesnier, it depicts an eagle that soars above a city; in its beak a banner with the motto 'movendo'. Woodcut headpieces and initials. Paper of excellent quality) (Condition: Binding a bit chafed, and slightly worn at the extremities. Tear in leaf A4) (Note: The Greek philosopher, historian and educator Plutarchus of Chaeroneia was born before 50 A.D., and died after A.D. 120. He is our most important witness of the spiritual climate of the first and second century A.D. He wrote numerous short treatises of popular moral philosophy, which go under the general name of the Moralia. They include debating themes, works in the form of question and answer, and serious discussions of philosophical topics. His warm and sympathetic personality can be traced in many treatises, which contain also a great deal of antiquarian knowledge picked up by Plutarchus in the course of his wide reading. (H.J. Rose, A Handbook of Greek literature, London 1965, p. 408). The Moralia were very influential in the Renaissance. 'It is no exaggeration to say that Renaissance and early modern Europe discovered Greece and Rome through Plutarch's eyes'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass., 2010, p. 748). § Since the Plutarch edition of 1572 of Henri Estienne (Henricus Stephanus) the 76 treatises of the Moralia are divided into 14 books, and the Latin titles he gave to the treatises are still in use today. Our book is a translation into French of the 14th treatise, Plutarch's essay on Superstition, 'De Superstitione', '?e?? de?s?da?µ???a?' (Moralia, Book 2, 164E-171F). It is an attempt to prove that superstition is a dangerous venom, and far worse than atheism. Plutarch argues that the 'atheist, when he is ill, takes into account and calls to mind the times when he has eaten too much or drunk too much wine, also irregularities in his daily life, or instances of over-fatigue or unaccustomed changes of air or locality; and again when he has given offence in administering office, and has encountered disrepute with the masses or calumny with a ruler, he looks to find the reason in himself and his own surroundings: Where did I err, and what have I done? What duty of mine was neglected? But in the estimation of the superstitious man, every indisposition of his body, loss of property, deaths of children, or mishaps and failures in public life are classed as 'afflictions of God' or 'attacks of an evil spirit'. For this reason he has no heart to relieve the situation or undo its effects, or to find some remedy for it or to take a strong stand against it, lest he seem to fight against God and to rebel at his punishment; but when he is ill the physician is ejected from the house, and when he is in grief the door is shut on the philosopher who would advise and comfort him'. (Babbit's translation of 168B-C in the Loeb Classical Library edition of the Moralia, 1928) § The treatise, which Faber calls 'un des plus excellens traittés qui'ait iamais fait Plutarque', (Préface p. 22) was translated by the French scholar Tanneguy Le Fèvre, latinized as Tanaquil Faber, 1615-1672, who was from 1665 'professeur de grec de l'Académie protestante de Saumur'. Faber was a diligent editor of Greek and Latin texts. He opposed contemporary superstition, which he calls 'une maladie de l'ame'. (Préface p. 19) He considered atheists 'irreligieux' (.) gens sans religion'. (Idem p. 35). Faber is famous because of his daughter Anne, who married in 1664 the learned printer Jean (de) Lesnier, 1639-1675, when she was seventeen years old. So De Lesnier, who was printer for the protestant academy of Saumur, printed and published this translation for his father in law. After the publisher's early death in 1675, Anne, widowed at the age of 28, married in 1683 André Dacier, pupil of her father, and became a respected classical philologist herself under the name of 'Madame Dacier'. The work seems to be rare; we found in KVK only a few copies) (Collation: *-2*12, 3*2, A-E12) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120297

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Greek literature Griechische Literatur Moralia Plutarch Plutarchus antike altertum antiquity atheism religion superstition

POMEY,F.

Pantheum mythicum, seu fabulosa deorum historia, hoc epitomes eruditionis volumine breviter dilucideque comprehensa. Auctore P. Francisco Pomey e Societate Jesu. Editio septima, denuo recensita, a quamplurimis erroribus repurgata, & aeneis figuris ornata.

Utrecht (Ultrajecti), Apud Guilielmum vande Water, 1717. 8vo. (XVI),298,(14) p., frontispiece & 26 engraved plates. Calf. 16 cm "Prize copy' (Ref: STCN ppn 20819178X; Brunet 4,793; Michaud 34 p. 12: 'la meilleure édition est celle qu'a publiée Sam. Pitiscus') (Details: Prize copy, probably of a Belgian Jesuit College. Back with 5 raised bands between gilt fillets & floral rolls. Black morocco gilt lettered shield in the second compartment. Boards with gilt fillet borders. Within the fillet border a gilt row consisting of ears of corn and quadrangles. A gilt lyre in all 4 corners. A gilt oval laurel wreath with in its center the gilt text PRAEMIUM. Edges of the boards gilt. Marbled endpapers. Title in red & black. Woodcut printer's mark on the title. Engraved frontispiece depicting deities. 26 engraved plates with mythological scenes) (Condition: Wear to extremes, back somewhat rubbed. Prize gone. Front hinge cracking, but still hanging on 2 ties) (Note: This is the 6th edition of the most popular and authoritative mythology manual of the 17th and 18th century. It was first published in Lyon in 1659. There are more than 40 editions, and it was translated into English, French, Spanish and Polish. The manual was produced by the French Jesuit schoolmaster François Antoine Pomey, 1618-1673, who lectured humanities and rhetoric at several colleges. He is also the author of a number of schoolbooks and dictionaries. His 'Pantheum Mythicum' became to be regarded as an essential work which provided the indispensable ornaments of formal discussion. It was also popular as a schoolbook, for the stories formed a body of moral precepts, hidden under the mask of agreable fiction. 'Perinde quasi, alius esse debeat, cum omnibus, tum mihi maxime, ac studium & propagatio Divinae gloriae?'; In the praefatio to this 6th edition the Dutch classicist of German origin, Samuel Pitiscus (Samuel Petiski), 1636-1727, tells the reader that the publisher had sold within 4 years 1300 copies of the 5th edition of 1697. To surpass this tremendous success he asked him to produce a new edition purged from all erroneous inventions and extensions of later editors, and mistakes of ignorant printers. Pitiscus really was the expert for the job. He produced editions of several Roman historians, and did also lexicographic work. He was well acquainted with the 'Romanae Antiquitates' of Rosinus and Dempster, and in 1713 he published an encyclopaedic 'Lexicon Antiquitatum Romanarum') (Collation: *8, A-T8 V4 (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120456

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Altertum Antike Antiquity Mythologie Pomey Prize copy mythology

MELA POMPONIUS.

Pomponii Melae De situ orbis libri III. Cum notis integris Hermolai Barbari, Petri Joannis Olivarii, Fredenandi Nonii Pintiani, Petri Ciacconii, Andreae Schotti, Isaci Vossii, & Jacobi Gronovii. Accedunt Julii Honorii oratoris Excerpta Cosmographiae. Cosmographia falso Aethicum auctorem praeferens, cum variis lectionibus ex MS. Ravennatis Anonymi Geographia, ex MS. Leidensis suppleta, curante Abrahamo Gronovio.

Leiden (Lugduni Batavorum), Ex officina Samuelis Luchtmans, 1722. 8vo. (LXXX),811,(36 index),(1 blank) p., frontispiece, folding map. Vellum 21 cm Prize copy (Ref: STCN ppn 238632024; Schweiger 2,611; Brunet 4,801; Dibdin 2,356; Graesse 5,402/403; Ebert 13632; Spoelder p. 683, Utrecht 3) (Details: Prize copy of the 'Gymnasium Hieronymianum' at Utrecht, without the prize. Gilt coat of arms of Utrecht within gilt borders on both boards. 6 thongs laced through the joints. The frontispiece, designed by H. van der My and etched by F. Bleyswyck, depicts a cartographer drawing a map of the world, in the foreground 2 women, one is a cartographer inspecting a map with rule and compass, the other is an archaeologist busy inspecting ancient treasures. Title printed in red and black. The folding map of the earth according to Mela at the beginning of the text is by 'P. Bertius, christianissimi regis geographus'. Engraved text illustrations of coins. 1 full page illustration of 2 sculptured scenes from reliefs 'in hortis Mattheis' (p. 117) The first 304 pages contain the text and commentary. The rest of the book is filled with the annotations of earlier important scholars, especially Isaac Vossius. His observationes fill the pages 316-606. At the end we find Julius Honorius' 'Excerpta quae ad Cosmographiam pertinent' (p. 685-702), the 'Cosmographia antehac temere Aetico adscripta' (p. 703-733), and the 'Ravennatis Anonymi Geographiae libri quinque' (737-811)) (Condition: Binding slightly soiled. Prize gone. All four ties gone. Name on the front flyleaf. Prize removed) (Note: Pomponius Mela, a geographer from the South of Spain, wrote in 43/44 under Claudius the first surviving work on geography in Latin. Pomponius is foremost a writer: distances, directions and other useful information for sailors or travellers is lacking. His work was meant for the educated and curious Roman public. The work was known in the Middle Ages, and in the following centuries he was read at school. § The Dutch classical scholar Abraham Gronovius, 1695-1775, acted as librarian at Leyden University from 1741 until his death. He edited editions of the 'Historiae Philippicae' of Justinus, and two editions of Aelianus. He showed interest in geographical matters, and published at Leiden in 1739 his 'Varia Geographica'. He based this new 'Variorum' edition of the geographer Mela Pomponius on an edition which was previously published in 1696 by his father Jacobus Gronovius, 1645-1716, who was professor Greek of the Unverstiy of Leiden) (Provenance: On the front flyleaf in ink: 'Ex praemiis P.G. v. Poolsum 1731'. We found a Petrus Georgius van Poolsum, born in Utrecht in 1718, who became minister of the protestant church of Doorn in 1741. He died in 1772. Does the inscription mean that young Van Poolsum, age 13, received this prize in 1731? This seems possible, for he has the right age and was from Utrecht. Spoelder signals 3 copies of prizes with this type of coat of arms; they were awarded between 1689 and 1711) (Collation: pi1, *-5*8; A-3G8 (leaf 3G8 verso blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130360

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Rare Books) Dutch imprints Geographie Latin literature Mela Pomponius Pomponius Mela Prize copy Prize copy Utrecht antike altertum antiquity geography römische Literatur

PORPHYRIUS.

PORPHURIOU PERI TOU EN TÊi ODUSSEIAi TÔN NUMPHÔN ANTROU. Porphyrius, De antro Nympharum. Graece cum Latina L. Holstenii versione. Graeca ad fidem editionum restituit, versionem C. Gesneri, & animadversiones suas adjecit R.M. van Goens Trajectinus. Praemissa est Dissertatio Homerica ad Porphyrium.

Utrecht, (Traiecti ad Rhenum), Sumptibus Abrahami v. Paddenburg, 1765. 4to. XXXIV,(2),XXXVI,122,8 p. Contemporary half calf 26.5 cm (Ref: STCN ppn 203268296; Hoffmann 3,284; Schweiger 1,274; Brunet 4,823/24; Ebert 17795; Graesse 5,415) (Details: Probably an Italian binding. Back gilt and with a red morocco shield. Title and the first leaf of the preliminaries, leaf chi1, and also L2 printed in red and black. Greek text followed by the Latin translation of Holstein, at the bottom of the page are the 'variae lectiones'. At the end has been added a second Latin translation, that of Conrad Gesner. A small text engraving on page 117) (Condition: Back slightly rubbed, its head very sligthtly damaged. Boards scuffed. Corners bumped. Some tiny wormholes in the right lower corner, not coming even close to the text. Paper age-toned) (Note: The author of this treatise on the Odyssean Cave of the Nymphs is the Greek scholar and philosopher Porphyrius (Porphyry), 232/3 - ca. 305 A.D., who was more a polymath than an original thinker. In his numerous treatises and commentaries he had the good habit of quoting his sources by name. He thus preserved many fragments of older learning. (OCD, 2nd ed. p. 864/65) Porphyrius was a student of Plotinus, whose Enneads he edited somewhere after 300. Most of his work is written from a Plotinian point of view. He produced also numerous philosophical commentaries on Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastus and Plotinus. His commentary on the Categories of Aristotle became a standard medieval textbook of logic. His philologic work include his 'Homeric Investigations', a landmark in the history of Homeric scholarship, and 'De antro Nympharum', a specimen of allegorizing interpretation, in which Porphyrius symbolically explains the passages in the 13th book of Homer's Odyssey on the Cave of the Nymphs. In this cave, situated on the island of Ithaca, Odysseus hid the treasures of the Phaeacians on his return home. (Od. XIII, 102-112, 361-365) The edition of 1765 opens, after a dedication to young prince William V, with a 'Dissertatio Homerica ad Porphyrium' by the Dutch classical scholar Rijklof Michaël van Goens, 1748-1810. The Greek text, which follows, is accompanied by 2 Latin translations. The first one, by the German philologist Lucas Holstein, or Holstenius, 1596-1642, is printed parallel to the Greek text. It was first published in 1630 in Rome, where he was librarian of the Vatican. At the end of the Greek text comes the second translation, made by the Swiss classical scholar Conrad Gesner, 1516-1565, which was first published in Zürich in 1542. After that translation follow the 'Collectanea ad Porphyrium De antro Nympharum' in which the editor Van Goens offers the Homeric text with the relevant scholia and commentaries and observations of Eustathius, Johannes Spondanus, Joshua Barnes, Madame Dacier, Alexander Pope, and among others Willem Canter, who declared that the complete Odyssey was an allegory of man searching for wisdom and happiness, which he only could reach through death, for Odysseus' sleep on board of the Phaeacian ship that brought him home must be understood as a stay in death. (p. 81) At the end we find 38 pages filled with observations and commentary by Van Goens himself. Van Goens was a precocious polymath. He matriculated at the age of 12, and only 18 years old he succeeded his professor at the University of Utrecht, Peter Wesseling. He had to quit his chair in 1776 because he had made himself impossible. He went into Utrecht politics, made more ennemies, and left his country disappointed in 1786. His principal work is his edition of Porphyrius of 1765. He does not agree with the allegorical explanations of Porphyrius and Dacier, which he calls 'nugae'. Such trifles only made the Odyssean passage incomprehensible, instead of clear. Van Goens wants instead to shed light on the beauty of Homer's description of the cave. (Praefatio p. (XXII)) His aim is not textcritical, but more philosophical (Epistola p. IV). Porphyrius explains the cave of the Nymphes and her double entrance as a profound allegory of the journey of the soul on it ways to and from its origin. (p. 23) The cave symbolises the material world into which the human soul has descended. The darkness in it stands for the unseen powers of the material world. Porphyrius discusses the famous cavern of Plato, refers to Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Mozes, Zoroaster, Stoics, and the Egyptians, and construes with bold imagination and wondrous combinations an allegoric explanation. In his 'Animadversiones ad Porphyrium de Antro Nympharum' (p. 85-122) Van Goens investigates, in order to explain the interesting passages in the work of Porphyrius, thoroughly and with a marvelous erudition old and new authors. He seems to plunder a whole library, from Plato to Spinoza, from the New Testament to Leibniz, to prove his point) (Provenance: Bookplate on the front pastedown, depicting the coat of arms of the Vargas Macciucca family, with surrounding text: 'ex bibliotheca illris Ducis Thomae Vargas Macciucca'; on the recto of the first flyleaf has been pasted a leaf with a set of house rules which the Duke prescribed himself and others using or lending books from his library. The Italian noble Vargas Macciucia, or Vargas Machuca family is of Spanish, or rather Gothic origin. It dates back to the 8th century. By a degree of king Alfonso XI of 1267 the family has the privilege to bear the royal arms of Castiglia e Leon, which are also depicted on the bookplate. In the middle of the 17th century the family took root in the South of Italy under king Philip IV, who was also king of Naples. The 19th generation Vargas was Tommaso (or Tommasso) de Vargas Machuca (Thomas Vargas Macciucca), who was gouvernor of Capua. In 1732 he was created 'Duca de Vargas Machuca'. In 1748 the family lived in the monumental palace 'Real Monte di Manso' in Naples. He died in 1775. (See for this family: nobili-napoletani.it/Vargas_Macchucca.htm) (Collation: +-4+4, 5+1; *-4*4, 5*2, chi1, A-Q4, R2 (chi1 is originally 5+2. This leaf has been replaced according to the instructions for the binder)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 140036

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Rare Books) Altertum Altertum Altertumswissenschaft Antike Antiquity Dutch imprints Greek literature Greek text Griechische Literatur Grotte der Nymphen Homer Homeros Homerus Latin translation Odyssea Odysseus Odyssey Philosophie Van Goens Van Paddenbur

PORTUS, AEMILIUS.

LEXIKON DÔRIKON HELLÊNORRÔMAIKON, hoc est Dictionarium doricum graecolatinum, quod totius Theocriti, Moschi Syracusani, Bionis, Smyrnaei, & Simmiae Rhodii variorum opusculorum accuratam, & fidelem interpretationem continet, cum verborum & locutionum in his observatu dignarum descriptione, quae Doricae linguae proprietates, & regulas supra nominatorum poetarum exemplis illustratas, & confirmatas demonstrat. Novum opus a M. Aemylio Porto, Francisci Porti Cretensis F. in antiquiss. & celeberr. Heydelberg. Acad. ordin. linguae Graecae professore, nunc primum in lucem emissum.

Frankfurt, Ex Officina Paltheniana sumtibus heredum Petri Fischeri, 1603. 8vo. 276 unnumbered leaves. 18th century red morocco. 19.5 cm (Ref: VD17 12:129968D; Brunet 4,833; Ebert 17828; Graesse 5,421) (Details: Back elaborately gilt with floral motives in the compartments, and with 5 raised bands. Boards with an elaborate wide gilt floral border. Inside gilt dentelles. Edges of the boards and of the book gilt. Marbled endpapers. Woodcut printer's mark on title, depicting a winged stag that jumps over an hourglass, on its back a man, who holds in his left hand a coiling serpent, and in his right a sickel, and above their head the word 'tempus'. Greek and Latin text printed in double column) (Condition: The back is restored in a most tasteful and skillful way, hardly visible for the naked eye. Some scratches on the boards, a bigger one on the upper board. 2 small wormholes in the lower margin of the first 75 leaves. Bookplate on the front pastedown. Partly with browning paper, else a very handsome copy) (Note: Aemilius Portus, 1550-1614, was a famous classical philologist of Greek-Italian descent. His father came from Crete to Italy to teach Greek. Aemilius was appointed professor of Greek at the University of Heidelberg in 1596. He published a great number of works, translations, commentaries and editions of Aristophanes, Thucydides, Xenophon, Dionysius Halicarnessensis, Homer. He even found time to do lexicographic work. In 1603 he published a 'Dictionarium Ionicum graecolatinum' and a 'Dictionarium Doricum graecolatinum', and in 1606 a 'lexicon Pindaricum'. No wonder that his works show signs of haste. Nevertheless, his editions and translations into Latin form a substantial progress compared to preceding editions. (Sandys II,271, and ADB 26 p. 447) (Provenance: Engraved armorial bookplate of Noel Thomas Ellison. Noel Thomas Ellison, born 16th February, 1791, sometime fellow of Baliol College, Oxford, rector of Whalton, Northumberland, and rector of Huntspill, Somersetshire, died 1858. The reverend is the author of 'Protestant errors and Roman Catholic truths', London 1829) (Collation: *2, A-2L8, M2) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130281

Catalogue: Old and Rare books

Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Aemilius Portus Bion German imprints Greek linguistics Greek literature Griechische Literatur Lexikographie Lexikon Moschos Moschus Theocritus Theokrit antike altertum antiquity griechische Sprachwissenschaft lexicography lexicon

PETRONIUS & PRIAPEIA.

Titi Petronii Arbitri, Equitis Romani, Satyricon cum fragmentis, Albae Graecae recuperatis anno 1688. (Bound with:) PRIAPEIA, sive diversorum poetarum in Priapum lusus; illustrati commentariis Gasperis Schoppii, Franci. L. Apuleii Madaurensis ANECHOMENOS, ab eodem illustratus. Heraclii Imperatoris, Sophoclis Sophistae, C. Antonii, Q. Sorani & Cleopatrae reginae, Epistolae, de propudiosa Cleopatrae reginae libidine. Huic editioni accedunt Josephi Scaligeri In Priapeia commentarii, ac Friderici Linden-Bruch in eadem notae.

Ad 1: Leipzig, (Lipsiae), Apud Casparum Fritsch, 1731. Ad 2: Patavii, Apud Gerhardum Nicolaum V., 1664 (in fact: Leipzig 1731). 8vo. 2 volumes in 1: (XVI),184 p.; (XVI),175,(1 blank) p. Vellum. 17 cm 'A double hoax' (Ref: Ad 1 & 2: Schweiger 2,725 & 2,821; Brunet 4,869; Graesse 5,239 & 5,441; Ebert 16523 & 17919; Smitskamp, 'The Scaliger Collection', no. 130; Schmeling/Stuckey no. 100. Not yet in VD18) (Details: Woodcut printer's device on the first title, depicting a flying Hermes strewing books over the earth from a cornucopia. Edges dyed red) (Condition: Vellum age-tanned. Brown stain on the lower board. Two ownership entries on the front flyleaf. Small stamp on the verso of the second title. Small ink annotation on the last free endpaper. A few faint and small ink annotations. Some foxing. Small capita numbers occasionally in the margins. A rust hole in the paper of the leaves *5 & *6) (Note: Ad 1: In 1658 a Jesuit scholar warned that the 'Satyricon', a comic novel of the Roman author Petronius, first century AD, was unsuitable reading for young christians. The Flemish Humanist Justus Lipsius 'famously branded Petronius an 'auctor purissimae impuritatis', 'author of the purest impurity''. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass., 2010, p. 706) Humanists were intrigued by the fragmentary nature of the surviving text and the sexual explicit episodes in the novel. In 1650 a large fragment of the Satyricon, the 'Cena Trimalchionis', was discovered. The discovery lent a significant impetus to the study of the 'Satyricon', and to the imagination of some scholars. The most successful hoax was a so-called 'complete version of the Satyricon published by François Nodot in 1691, supposedly based on a newly discovered manuscript from Belgrade'. (Idem. p. 707) (Alba Graeca is Belgrade) The text of this fraudulent hoax was reissued by Fritsch in this work of 1731. Ad 2: This title is an imitation, including the place and year of printing, of a Priapeia edition of 1664. It is, what Graesse calls a 'contrefaçon'. It was in fact published by Fleischer in Leipzig in 1731. The usual reference works for classics notice that the two works in this binding often come together. Many libraries and bibliographers did not notice the scam and erroneously described the 'contrefaçon' as published in 1664. § The Priapeia, or Priapea, is a collection of 85/90 erotic Latin poems composed to honour the ithyphallic Roman god of fertility and sexuality Priapus. The poems were composed by one or more anonymous poets, and collected in de first century A.D. They show a close relationship with Ovid and Martial. Erotic in content and witty in tone the poems are brilliant in style, versification and composition. The subject matter of the poems may be limited, the poets however make ingenious variations on the symbol of Priapus, his huge phallus, the thieves chastised with this rod, and the offerings for this god. The elegance of the seemingly effortless versification stirs the imagination of the reader, in spite of the limitations, the vulgar language and the colloquialisms. § The title page of this book does us want to belief that the commentary on these saucy poems was produced by the German scholar Kaspar Schoppe, or Gaspar Scioppius, or Schoppius, 1576-1649. Schoppe was a scholar of critical acumen and wide reading, but also shamelessly dishonest and vane. He converted to catholicism and 'distinguished himself by the virulence of his writings against the Protestants'. (Wikipedia, s.v. Caspar Schoppe) He had loads of enemies, among who the French classical scholar Joseph Justus Scaliger, formerly his intimate friend. 'His literary feuds earned him the title of the snarling scholar, the 'canis grammaticus'. (Sandys, 2,363) Another formerly intimate friend of Schoppe, the philologist and jurist Melchior Goldast, 1578-1635, played a dirty trick on him by publishing this Priapeia in 1606 in Frankfurt under his name. Schoppe and Goldast had been friends during their study at the protestant university of Altdorf. Schoppe was of course compromised by the book, for 'Europe's learned readers would now believe that he had really been poring over racy ancient poetry, gazing out his window at mating sparrows, his mind thoroughly occupied with pagan bawdry rather than Christan piety. (.) It was a thoroughly effective way to brand Schoppe as an eager consumer of pornography'. It is further assumed that the six letters concerning Cleopatra are also a product of Goldast's overheated imagination and humor. On the section title to the forged letters, page 117, Goldast reveals his name, where we read: 'in lucem prolatae ex Bibliotheca Melchioris Haiminsfeldii Goldasti'. Schoppe retaliated viciously upon this personal attack by his former friend in his 'Scaliger Hypobolimaeus' (Suppositious Scaliger) of 1607, where he reported 'that Goldast was dead, broken on the wheel as a convicted murderer'. And this story struck uncomfortably close to home, for Goldast's brother Sebastian had indeed been executed by this horrific means in Strasbourg in 1603, for killing a local woman. Informed that he had mistaken one Goldast brother for another (which he must have known all along), Schoppe seized the opportunity to add insult to injury by 'not giving up hope that one day (Melchior) would experience the same fate as his brother, and rot on high rather than underground'. ('Cleopatra: A Sphinx Revisited', edited by M.M. Miles, Berkeley 2011, p. 135/37. In this book a long discussion on the forged Cleopatra letters) Goldast was of course embarrassed, but he got his revenge, for the Priapeia and the name of the devout Schoppe have stuck together ever since, and did brand the Catholic apologist as a hypocrite and Pharisee for ever) (Provenance: on front flyleaf: 'Dr. Schwarz, Berlin C'; armorial stamp on the verso of the 2nd title: 'Ex libris Dr. Schwarz ICti'. (Iurisconsulti)) (Collation: )(8, A-L8, M4; *8, A-L8 (leaf L8 verso blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 130107

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Latin literature Petron Petronius antike altertum antiquity römische Literatur satyrica satyricon

PROPERTIUS.

Sex. Aurelii Propertii Elegiarum libri quatuor. Ad fidem veterum membranarum curis secundis Jani Broukhusii sedulo castigati. Accedunt terni indices, quorum primus omnes voces Propertianas complectitur.

Amsterdam (Amstelaedami), Apud Rod. & Gerh. Wetstenios, 1727. 4to. (XXXII, including the frontispiece), 489,(1),(109 indices),(1 blank) p. Contemporary calf. 24 cm (Ref: STCN ppn 18661859X; Schweiger 2,830; Dibdin 1,384: 'very valuable'; Moss 1,274: 'A good edition, containing a valuable and useful commentary'; Graesse 5,460: 'belle édition'; Ebert 18028; Brunet 4,904/05: 'Édition assez recherchée'; Fabricius/Ernesti 1,435) (Details: Back gilt and with 5 raised bands. Brown morocco shield in the second compartment. Frontispiece designed and executed by J. Mulder, it depicts a Roman Emperor in a chariot; he is leading a triumph; in front of him the wives of his conquered ennemies with their hands bound behind their backs; in the background a triumphal arch and the monumental grave of Augustus. Title printed in red & black. On it the engraved printer's device, it depicts a burin being sharpened on a whetstone (Wetstein!), around it the device: 'Terar dum prosim'. At the beginning of the 'dedicatio' the engraved coat of arms of Stephanus Hurgronje) (Condition: Some slight wear to the extremities of the binding. First gathering slightly yellowing) (Note: The young equestrian Sextus Propertius, born ca. 50 B.C., is one of the most fascinating Roman love poets. His surviving work consists of four books of 'Elegiae', containing 4046 lines of elegiac verse. His poetry, at times obscure, learned and eccentric, can be witty, shows dramatic power, and combines polish and refinement. § From the Renaissance onward Propertius formed part of a triumvirate of Latin erotic poets, together with Catullus and Tibullus. They were already united in one edition published in Venice in 1472. The list of combined editions of these 3 is huge. A fashion for imitating them arose. Many humanist elegiac poets produced poems addressed to some alluring girl, as Propertius had done for his Cynthia. Propertius influenced among others the Dutch erotic poet Janus Secundus, the English poet John Donne and the German author Goethe. Wellknown is Ezra Pound's 'Homage to Sextus Propertius' (1917). § This 1727 edition of Propertius is a revised edition of the edition of 1702. The first edition was produced by the Dutch scholar/soldier Joan van Broekhuizen (Janus Broukhusius), 1649-1707, who during an adventurous life pursued his classical studies and poetry at leisure. As a neolatin poet he is known as the 'Propertius of Holland'. (Sandys 2,329) In 1684 he published his 'Carmina', a collection of his Neolatin poetry. (Utrecht 1684) His editions of Propertius (1702) and Tibullus (1707) laid the foundation for his reputation as a classical scholar. He was admired as a latinist, for his taste and for his erudition. (NNBW 4,309/12) This second edition was produced by the Dutch scholar and minor poet Pieter Vlaming, 1686-1733. In the preface (L.B., Lectori Benevolo) Vlaming tells us that he once bought at the auction of the library of the Dutch classical scholar and schoolmaster David Hoogstraten a 'codex' (manuscript), filled with annotations from the hand of Broukhusius, which he apparantly had been collecting for a projected second edition of Propertius. Nothing came however of such an edition. (Hoogstraten died 1724) Now, at the request of the publishers Wetstein, Vlaming produced a new revised and augmented edition of Propertius. 'Nihil dedimus nisi mere Broukhusianum'. (p. **3 recto) One year later, in 1728, and 21 years of the death of Broukhusius, Vlaming published also Broukhusius' edition of the 'Opera omnia' of the Italian neolatin poet Sannazarius/Sannazaro) (Provenance: On the front flyleaf 2 small names: ''Margadant 1912', and 'F.J. Brevet 1914'. § The first name must be of the Dutch man of letters Steven Willem Floris Margadant, born in The Hague in 1887; he died in 1946. In 1929 he published 'De psychologie van het Grieksche werkwoord'. ('Persoonlijkheden in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in woord en beeld', Amsterdam 1938, p. 979) § The next owner, the jurist Frederik Jacobus Brevet, 1893-1983, was a businessman and also a man of letters. In 1958 he published a translation of 16 odes and an epode of Horace. In 1966 followed a more varied collection, 'Mozaïek', which contained, besides more translations of Horace, also Catullus, a number of poems from the 'Carmina Burana', and from Greek poet Meleager, and poetry of his own. In 1978 appeared a translation of all 103 odes of Horace. From 1952 till the end his life he contributed a great many articles on classical culture to the periodical Hermeneus of the Dutch Classical Society (NKV). He bought this book at the age of 21 when he was studying law in Leiden) (resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn3/brevet)) (Collation: *-4*4; A-4F4 (leaf 2F4 verso blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 140037

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Keywords: (Rare Books) Dutch imprints antike altertum antiquity elegiae

PRUDENTIUS.

Aurelii Prudentii Clementis V.C. Opera. Ex postrema doct. virorum recensione.

Amsterdam (Amsterodami), Apud Guiljel. Janss. Caesium (Blaeu), 1625. 12mo. 261,(1 blank) p. Vellum. 11.1 cm Horatius Christianus (Details: 5 thongs laced through the joints. Engraved title, it depicts a huge Christian warrior who makes mincemeat of heathens and heretics. There in no introduction, only the text) (Condition: Some small spots on the boards. The edges of the front flyleaf are thumbed and show 2 tears. Upper edge of first leaves slightly thumbed. Very tiny hole in inner margin of the title) (Note: The Roman poet Aurelius Clemens Prudentius, born 348/49, died after 405 A.D., of Spanish origin, was besides a man of letters also an industrious public servant. He was a fervent Christian, who had not cut himself off from the culture of the ancient world. 'He regarded the pagan literature and art not as things to be rejected but as part of the inheritance into which Christian Rome enters'. ('Prudentius', ed. H.J. Thomson, Cambr. Mass., 2000, vol. 1 p. IX, (Loeb Classical Library)) 'It is as a poet in whom is embodied a reconciliation between the new faith and the old culture, and in whom Christian thought claims rank in the world of letters, that Prudentius is historically important'. (Op. cit. p. X) He 'was a pioneer in the creation of a Christian literature, and has the credit of originating new types of Christian poetry, the literary hymn, the moral allegory, and what has been called the Christian ballad'. (Op. cit. XII) His hymns are odes in which pagan mythology is replaced by stories from the Bible. By the great English scholar Richard Bentley he was described as 'Christianorum Maro et Flaccus'. 'Prudentius was much read in the Middle Ages. His influence is also visible in medieval art. More than 300 manuscripts survive. § Allthough this edition of 1625 is not very rare, it is not to be found in the usual reference works, Schweiger, Dibdin, Moss, Graesse, Ebert, or Brunet) (Provenance: On the front flyleaf in old ink: 'A.E. Ihre') (Collation: A-Q8, R4 (minus leaf R4, R3 verso blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120151

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dichtung Latin Literatur Poesie Spätantike antike altertum antiquity early christian literature frühchristliche Literatur late antiquity poetry römische Literatur

PRUDENTIUS.

Aurelii Prudentii Clementis, Viri Consularis, rerum divinarum, religionis Christianae, iuris item civilis & militaris peritia excellentis, opera.

Lyon (Lugduni), Apud Ioan. Tornaesium et Guil. Gazeium, 1553. 8vo. 519,(1 blank) p. Contemporary pigskin over wooden boards. 13.5 cm Prudentius hat sich in der lyrischen, in der epischen und in der didaktischen Poesie versucht und allenthalben Grosses geleistet (Bardenhewer) (Ref: Cartier, 'Bibliographie des éditions des De Tournes' no. 258; Graesse 5,467; Ebert 18063) (Details: Contemporary pigskin over wooden boards. Back with 3 raised bands. Boards decorated with a row of blind-tooled rolls, comprising floral motives and 10 portraits in medallions; there are 2 kind of portraits, of 'Iusticia' and of 'Lucrecia'; Iusticia holds what looks like a disk before her face, and Lucrecia stabs herself in the breast with a dagger. If this disk, which is as big as her face, is a mirror, the cutter of the stamp made a mistake, for the usual attributes of Justitia are the sword, scales or blindfold. If this disk represents however a kind of blindfold, to cover her face, he chose an attribute we could not find in any work on iconography. A mirror is rather an attribute of Prudentia. The central panel is adorned with floral motives. On the title the round printer's mark of 'De Tournes': a double ring formed by two vipers, a male and female; the female crushes the head of the male; in the middle a shield with the motto: 'Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris'. (Cartier p. 1,38/39, type Vip. o. Woodcut initials) (Condition: Binding scuffed and soiled, corners bumped. Front hinge cracking, but strong. 3 owner's inscriptions on the title, one of them erased with ink. The vipers of the printer's mark are coloured pale green) (Note: The Roman poet Aurelius Clemens Prudentius, born 348/49, died after 405 A.D., and of Spanish origin, was besides a man of letters also an industrious public servant. He was a fervent Christian, who had not cut himself off from the culture of the ancient world. 'He regarded the pagan literature and art not as things to be rejected but as part of the inheritance into which Christian Rome enters'. ('Prudentius', ed. H.J. Thomson, Cambr. Mass., 2000, vol. 1 p. IX, (Loeb Classical Library)) 'It is as a poet in whom is embodied a reconciliation between the new faith and the old culture, and in whom Christian thought claims rank in the world of letters, that Prudentius is historically important'. (Op. cit. p. X) He 'was a pioneer in the creation of a Christian literature, and has the credit of originating new types of Christian poetry, the literary hymn, the moral allegory, and what has been called the Christian ballad'. (Op. cit. XII) His hymns are odes in which pagan mythology is replaced by stories from the Bible. By the great English scholar Richard Bentley he was described as 'Christianorum Maro et Flaccus'. All we know about him comes from Prudentius himself. For an edition of his work, published in 404 or 405 he wrote a preface of 45 lines of poetry, in which he informs the reader about his carreer and motives to write poetry. Prudentius was much read in the Middle Ages. His influence is also visible in medieval art. More than 300 manuscripts with his work survive. § The 'editio princeps' of Prudentius dates from 1495. This Lyonese edition of 1553 is based on the edition of Basel 1527, edited by the German humanist and classical scholar Johannes Sichardus, 1499-1552. In Basel he lectured from 1525 till 1527 on Cicero, Livius and other Roman classics. In the preface to the Prudentius edition, dated 1527 (and which is repeated in the edition of 1553) Sichardus complains about earlier editions of Prudentius which had suffered from mutilated manuscripts and amateur 'sciolo nescio quo' scholars. He has however managed to restore Prudentius in his original splendour (Pristinio autem nitori restituimus). He did so, not relying solely on his genius, which is a tricky, sometimes even unsound way to emendate (genus emendandi satis lubricum, ne dicam interim pestilens), but with the help of an old manuscript (ex codicibus vetustioribus) which was lend to him by one Vuerinherus Vuoflinus (Wernerus Woflinus?). This manuscript is now held in Bern ('Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Cod. 264'), place of origin: Bodensee (Reichenau/St. Gallen/Konstanz), and written ca. 900. Near the end of this edition of 1553 we find: 'In Aurelii Prudentii Clementis V.C. Psychomachiam, scholia per Ioannem Sichardum' (10 p.). De Tournes added from another source after this section of scholia: 'Erasmus Roterodamus castissimae puellae Margaretae Roperae s.d.' dated 1523, and the 'Commentarius in hymnum Prudentii, de natalis puero Iesu, per Erasmum Roterodamum', together 57 p.) (Provenance: Weissensee provenance On the title: 'Erdmann Wilhelm Ferber, Gosecka. Thur.' We found a New Year's message of him, dated 1757, 'Licht in Finsterniss beym Wechsel des Jahres'. He is described on the title as Diakonus, 'und ausserord. Colleg. der Landschule zu Pforta'. In the 'Personal-Codex des Weissensee'r Kreises', Weissensee 1868, p. 1, it is recorded that M(agister?) Erdmann Wilhelm Ferber was 'Pfarrer' and 'Superintendent' in Weissensee, from 1771 till 1799. Goseck lies in Thüringen between Leipzig and Jena. § Below the printer's mark the name of probably the next owner: 'Ern. Andr. Christp. Callenberg'. Ernst Andreas Christoph Callenberg was Rector of the 'Stadtschule' at Weissensee from 1784 till 1822. ('Personal-Codex des Weissensee'r Kreises', Weissensee 1868, p. 6) In the 'Wittenbergsches Wochenblatt zum Aufnehmen der Naturkunde und des ökonomische Gewerbes auf das Jahr 1778, 6 Stück, Freytags, den 13 Februar 1778', on page 48, under the heading 'Gelehrte Nachrichten, Von der Wittenbergschen Universität und Stadt', he is mentioned a member of 'Predigercollegium' of the 'Schloss- und Universitätskirche, with the addition 'aus Thüringen'. In 1775 he signed a 'Album Amicorum' with 'Kallenberg'. There he reveals the place of his birth, 'Gebeser', nowadays Gebesee, a small city north of Erfurt. § On the front pastedown in pencil: '15 sept. 1965', written by the Flemish linguist Walter Couvreur, 1914-1996, who was an Orientalist, and professor of Indoeuropean linguistics at the University of Gent. It indicates the date of aquisition. The place of acquisition he wrote on the flyleaf at the end: 'Leipzig, Zentralantiquariat') (Collation: A - 2I-8, 2K-4) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120152

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Dichtung Latin literature Poesie Prudentius Spätantike antike altertum antiquity early christian literature frühchristliche Literatur late antiquity poetry römische Geschichte

QUINTILIANUS.

M. Fabii Quintiliani Institutionum oratoriarum libri duodecim, summa diligentia ad fidem vetustissimorum codicum recogniti, ac restituti. Novae huic editioni adiecit Fabianarum notarum spicilegium subcisivum Daniel Pareus Phil. Fil. Accesserunt etiam Quintilianorum declamationes.

London (Londini), Typis E.G. Impensis R. Whitakeri, 1641. 8vo. 2 parts in 1: 569,(6 index),(1 blank); 722,(2 blank); (58 index),(2 blank) p. Modern half vellum 18 cm 'Practical, humane, fascinating, still of signifance'. (Ref: ESTC Citation No. R16191; Schweiger 2,839; Fabricius/Ernesti 2,273; cf. Graesse 5,527 for the edition Franktfurt 1629 with exact the same title) (Details: Back with 3 raised bands) (Condition: Endpapers renewed. Old ownership entries, and some small notes on the title. Paper yellowing. Right lower corner of 3/4 hardly visibly waterstained. Small hole in the blank margin of p. 13/14) (Note: The Roman orator Marcus Fabius Quintilianus, ca. 35 - ca. 100 A.D., was under emperor Vespasian probably the first holder of the chair of Latin rhetoric in Rome paid by the fiscus. (salarium e fisco accepit, Suetonius, Vesp. 17-19) His most celebrated work is the 'Institutio Oratoriae', in 12 books. It 'covers the complete training of the orator from the earliest preparation by the grammarian to his most mature aspirations for oratorical preeminence'. (The Classical Tradition, Cambr. Mass., 2010, p. 827) The ideal was a public speaker who was skilled not only in eloquence, but who was also a good man. This is summarized in the famous maxim that an orator is a 'vir bonus dicendi peritus'. Quintilian still makes all that has been written on education from Rousseau to the latest pseudo-psychologist rather worthless. (H.J. Rose, A handbook of Latin literature, London, 1967, p. 399) 'Book 1 discusses childhood education. (.) In book 2 the boy enters the school of rhetoric'. In book 3 follows an account of the art of rhetoric, 'its origin, its parts, and its functions. Book 4-6 deal with the detailed structure of a speech, (.) Book 7 is concerned with arrangement (dispositio) and status-lore. Book 8 discusses style (.) while in book 9 figures of thought and speech are illustrated'. Book 10 contains a critique of Greek and Latin writers. 'Book 11 discusses memory, delivery, gesture and dress (.) The concluding book shows the complete Orator in action, a man of highest character and ideals, (.). Roman gravitas at its noblest'. (OCD 2nd ed., p. 907) The 19 'Declamationes maiores' which have come down to us under the name of Quintilian are certainly not his work. The 'Declamationes minores', a corpus of 145 smaller rhetorical exercises are probably the work of a contemporary rhetorician. § The 'Institutio Oratoria' of Quintilian was known throughout the Middle Ages, especially in the summarizing works of the encyclopedists like Cassiodorus and Isidorus of Sevilla. In 1416 the Italian humanist Poggio Bracciolini discovered in Sankt Gallen a complete text, after which Quintilian came 'to exert a deep and lasting influence on rhetorical theory and practice'. (The Classical Tradition, p. 829) The treatise influenced authors like Erasmus and Vives. The humanist Poliziano lectured on him, and Lorenzo Valla preferred him to Cicero. His ideas were absorbed by Piccolomini, Agricola, Erasmus (De pueris instituendis), and Melanchthon. He was also used by Ben Jonson (Discoveries), Alexander Pope (Essay on criticism), Du Bos, and Goethe. 'Seine Wirkung geht mit der Verfehmung der Rhetorik im 19. Jh. zurück, doch bleibt Quintilian eine respektierte Grösse bis heute'. (Neue Pauly, 10,719) § Daniel Pareus, German philologist, historian and schoolmaster, son of the classical scholar Johann Philipp Pareus, was born in 1605. He must have been a young scholar of some promise, for the Dutch professor Gerard Vossius, who endeavoured to find publishers for his works, failed to gain him a professorship in the Netherlands. He then went to Kaiserslautern and founded there a Latin School, but not yet 30 years old, he was in 1635 murdered at the occupation of that city by soldiers, or stabbed by a gang of brigands. In his short career he produced an edition of Musaeus (1627), Herodian (1627), 'Mellificium Atticum', a collection of sentences of Greek authors reduced into commonplaces (1629), notes on Quintilian (first published in 1629), Heliodorus's Aethiopica, notes on Lucretius. He added his 'Animadversiones' to his father's edition of Sallust. His historical works are: 'Universalis historiae profanae medulla' (1631), 'Universalis historiae ecclesiasticae medulla' (1633), and his excellent 'Historia Palatina' on the history of the 'Pfalz' (1633). (ADB 25,167)) (Provenance: On the title in faint ink: 'Sum conventus Angiae', and 'Bibliothecae Augustianae Angiae', and 'Fr. Jodocus Anthonii Ord. Eremit. S. Augustini', who wrote also beneath the imprint 'Requisitus Lovanii 1643', and 'Fr. Leverd prior'. The city of Enchien, Flemish Edingen, in the province Hainaut (Belgium) once housed a convent of the 'Ord. FF. Eremitarum S.P.N. Augustini'. This Augustine convent, rue des Augustins no. 2, still is a monument. Frater Jodocus perhaps was the librarian of the convent, he records that it was acquired in Louvain in 1643. § On front flyleaf the name of 'Lennart Hakanson', 1939-1987, professor of Latin at the university of Uppsala. He published in Lund in 1974 'Textkritische Studien zu den grösseren Pseudoquintilianischen Deklamationen') (Collation: A8 (+-A1), B-2N8 (leaf 2N8 verso blank). A-2Y8 (between 2O and 2P has been inserted a gathering of two leaves signed (pp); leaf 2Y8 blank); 3A-3C8, 3D6 (leaf 3D6 blank) § There are two issues of this edition of 1641: ESTC R233485 and ESTC R16191. The first one starts with the 'Institutio Oratoriae', followed by the 'Declamationes', the other is the other way round, first the Declamationes and then the 'Institutio Oratoriae'. R16191 calls for a title page with a heart-shaped ornament, and with the printer's error 'accesserum' instead of 'accesserunt'. Our copy has the construction of R16191, but has the title page of R233485, which shows a flower-shaped ornament and has the corrected 'accesserunt'. This title page is a cancel, this means that the faulty title was removed and replaced by another corrected title) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120120

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Latin literature Quintilian Quintilianus Rhetorica Rhetorik antike altertum antiquity rhetoric römische Literatur

RATRAMNUS.

Ratramne, ou Bertram, pretre. Du Corps et du Sang du Seigneur. Avec une dissertation preliminaire, sur Ratramne, & une autre dissertation historique sur la vie & les ouvrages de cet auteur. Traduite de l'Anglois.

Amsterdam, 1717. 12mo. 287,(1 blank) p. Mottled calf. 16.5 cm (Ref: Brunet 1,822; 3 copies in STCN; cf. Ebert 18665) (Details: Gilt back with a red morocco letterpiece. Marbled endpapers. Edges dyed red. Ttitle in red & black. The first 184 pages contain the two dissertations on Ratramnus, p. 185-287 contain the Latin text with an opposing French translation) (Condition: Corners slightly bumped) (Note: Ratramnus was a Benedictine monk of Corbie (+ 870). In 843/44 he wrote this work on request of Charles the Bald, in which he emphasises the figurative nature of the sacraments, and contradicted the doctrine of the transsubstantiation. He also goes under the name Bertram or Intramn. The book was considered to be heretic, and forbidden in 1050. During the Reformation the book was rediscovered by protestants. The author of the two dissertations is the English clergyman, Canon of Worcester, and antiquary William Hopkins (1647-1700). The translator is the Huguenot refugee J.-F. Bernard. (See Bakhuizen, p. 120/1 & 128/9) Hopkins' dissertation, accompanied by a Latin text and an English translation of Ratramnus, was first published in 1686, and reissued in 1688. (See Wikisource 'William Hopkins') (Collation: A - M-12 (M12 verso blank)(Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120311

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Bertram Middle Ages Mittelalter Mittellatein Ratramnus medieval Latin

NOVO EPITOME DA GRAMMATICA GREGA DE PORTO-REAL,

composto na lingoa portugueza, para uzo das novas escolas de Portugal e dedicado ao illustrissimo e reverendissimo senhor Pedro da Costa de Almeida Salema (...).

Paris, Na Officina de Franc. Ambr. Didot, 1760. XVI,382,(2 blank) p. Calf 17.5 cm (Details: Back gilt with floral elements, boards with triple fillet gilt borders and gilt corner pieces, the edges of the bookblock also gilt. Endpaper marbled) (Condition: Some faint wear to the binding. Bookplate on the front pastedown. Front pastedown slightly damaged by the removal of an older bookplate. Library stamp on the front flyleaf) (Note: Port-Royal was a cistercian monastery for women, in Magny-les-Hameaux, south-west of Paris. Several schools were founded there at the beginning of the 17th century, the so-called 'Petites-Écoles de Port-Royal'. The 'Little-Schools' were famous for the exceptional quality of the education that was provided there. The masters of Port Royal recognized that Latin had lost its utilitarian value, for it was no longer the only language of the learned. As Comenius had recommended, they adopted the vernacular as the ordinary medium of instruction. Their ingenuity to find the easiest and best teaching methods is preserved in the schoolbooks of the Port-Royalists. The masters of Port-Royal tried to remove difficulties from the path of the learner, and wanted to render instruction as pleasant as possible. Teachers therefore should not speak Latin, but speak the same vernacular as the pupil, and all explanations, and every grammar and lexicon should be adapted to the mother-tongue. The Port-Royalists found that children must especially be practised in the art of translation from Latin and Greek 'because the concentration needed for weighing all the phrases, and discovering the meaning of a Latin (or Greek) author, exercises both their intellect and their judgment at the same time, and makes them appreciate the beauty of the French as much as that of the Latin'. (H.C. Barnard, 'The little schools of Port-Royal', Cambridge 1913, p. 122) A good French style was considered of equal value with a polished Latin style. The Greek grammar of Port-Royal also sought to reduce the difficulties involved in the acquiring of a thorough knowledge of Greek grammar. It was produced by the French Jansenist monk and grammarian Claude Lancelot, ca. 1615-1695, who was involved in the foundation of the 'Petites-Écoles de Port-Royal' in 1638. His 'Nouvelle méthode pour apprendre la langue grecque' was first published in 1655. 'Greek at Port-Royal has a special interest to us because it gave birth to the two most important of all their school-books, Lancelot's 'Méthode grecque' and his 'Jardin de racines grecques'; (.) but its claim to originality lay in the fact that it was written in French and not in Latin. It also contained several simplifications designed to aid the student; for instance the declensions were reduced in number from ten, as had previously been customary, to two 'parisyllables' which are declined throughout with an equal number of syllables, and 'imparisyllables' which increase in the oblique cases; the conjunctions were also reduced to two: verbs ending in -ô and those ending in -mi. The 'Méthode' achieved an immediate success; in 40 years it went through nine editions and was translated into several foreign languages'. (Idem, p. 144) The monastery was demolished by the French state in 1710. In 1760, the Portuguese scholar Joâo Jacinto de Magalhâes, born in 1722, produced during his stay in Paris round 1760, as an act of patriotism for the 'utilidade publica', in order to restore Greek studies in Portugal, the Portuguese version of the Greek grammar of Lancelot. (p. a2 recto) That it met some success is proven by its second edition of 1814, 24 years after the death of Magalhâes. The book was printed in Paris, probably because there were no printers in Portugal who could print Greek type. Didot printed also copies with the imprint Lisboa, and without the printer's name. C. Morais dedicated an essay to this grammar in an article 'A gramática de Grego de João Jacinto de Magalhães no contexto da Reforma Pombalina' in 'Ágora. Estudos Clássicos em Debate', 1 (1999) p. 75-103) § Rare. In KVK we found only a few copies of this book, in the 'Bibliothèque Mazarine' in Paris, the 'Bayerische Staatsbibliothek' and the 'Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal') (Provenance: On the front pastedown the bookplate of 'Bibliotheca Hagaveldensis'. On the front flyleaf a library stamp: 'Bibl. Hageveld, Plank 3, Kast 13'. The Seminary of Hageveld was founded by the diocese of Haarlem in 1817 in Santpoort, and transformed into 'College Hageveld' in 1967) (Collation: a8, A4,*2, B6 - F6, G4, *2, H6-2H6, I4, 2K2 (leaf 2K2 blank) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 120284

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Grammatik Greek linguistics Portugal Schulbuch antike altertum antiquity grammar griechische Sprachwissenschaft schoolbook

APOLLONIUS RHODIUS.

Apollonii Rhodii Argonauticorum libri quatuor. Edidit, nova fere interpretatione illustravit, priorum editorum notas praecipuas selegit, Sanctamandi nunquam prius editis nonnullas suas adjecit, necnon indices tres addidit, Joannes Shaw, A.M. Coll. Beatae Mariae Magdalenae apud Oxonienses socius.

Oxford (Oxonii), E Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1777. 4to. 2 volumes. Volume 1: (XII),496,(1 errata),(1 blank) p.; Volume 2: (II),129,(1),(156 indices),(2 blank) p. Contemporary calf. 28 cm. (Ref: ESTC Citation No. T133192; Ebert 826; Graesse 1,164; Hoffmann 1,207/08; Dibdin 1,276/77; Moss 1,68) (Details: Backs gilt in a wave like pattern, and with 5 raised bands. A shield in the 2nd and 4th compartment. Marbled endpapers. Volume 1 contains the Greek text, followed by a Latin translation. Volume 2 contains the 'Scholia' (p. 1/99), 'Notae et Variae Lectiones', (p. 101/129), an index on the Scholia, and an 'index verborum') (Condition: Bindings worn. Boards scuffed, with some spots and scratches. Some leaves slightly yellowed, occasional light foxing, especially in the blank upper margins) (Note: The Greek poet Apollonius Rhodius was probably born on the island Rhodes ca. 295 B.C. At a young age he moved to Alexandria, attracted, as many others, by the court of the Ptolemaei, where he met the poet Callimachus. Biographic fiction has it that Apollonius' epic the 'Argonautica' was badly received in Alexandria at a recitation (epideixis), that he became an enemy of Callimachus, and then retired to Rhodes, where he revised the poem, which made him famous. The fictional quarrel between both poets is probably an invention of the first biographer of Apollonius the grammarian Theon. ('Apollonius Rhodius, Das Argonautenepos. Herausgegeben, übersetzt und erläutert von R. Glei & S. Natzel-Glei', Darmstadt, 1996, page XIII) The 'Argonautica' is the only surviving posthomeric epic of the Alexandrian period, and places Apollonius direct under the shadow of Homer. The poets modernity is his creation of a short epic of ca 5900 verses (half the Odyssey). He also created a new hero type, democratic, and group oriented. A further innovation is the role of women in this epic, which was traditionally men's business. He is the first to introduce a woman as a hero in an epic, Medea, and he 'erzählt die Ereignisse im wesentlichen aus ihrer Sicht, eine psychologische Meisterleistung'. (o.c. page XIV) In Alexandrian style he delights in displaying his ethnographic erudition, explaning names, cults, geography, relics and habits. § The story of the Argonauts belongs to the oldest myths in Greek literature. It is supposed that Homer adopted elements of a prehomeric epic of the voyage of the Argonauts, who sailed with Jason on the Argo to Colchis to secure the Golden Fleece. 'The story has been reworked by modern writers such as Robert Graves (Hercules, my Shipmate, 1945) and John Gardner (Jason and Medeia, 1975) and there have been 2 films called Jason and the Argonauts (1963 and 2000)'. (The Classical tradition, Cambr. Mass., 2010, p. 67) § This edition of 1777 was produced by the English scholar John Shaw, 1750-1824, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, who based his Apollonius on the previous Apollonius edition of Hoelzlin, Leiden 1641. ('secutus sum Hoelzlinum', preface, leaf b1 recto) He proudly boasts that he has done more for the eludication of Apollonius than Hoelzlin. Shaw revised and updated also the literal, wooden Latin translation by Johannes Hartung, (ille fidus adeo interpres) of Basel 1550, often following him. (nec interdum ab Hartungo mutuum accipere dedignatus sum) The reader has, he adds, now a 'interpretationem fidam satis, nec tamen, ut spero, prorsus inelegantem'. (Idem, leaf b1 verso) Shaw also excerpted the earlier commentaries and notes, of Hartung, Henri Estienne (1574), Holstein and Hoelzlin. He also added the notes of one James St. Amand (Jacobus Sanctamandus or Sanctus Amandus) that he found in the Bodleian Library, and the notes and explanations of the recently deceased Oxford scholar John Upton, which he had jotted down in his copy of the 1574 edition of Henri Estienne. The notes of St. Amand are, according to Hoffmann, 'nicht wichtig'. St. Amand was born in 1687. He matriculated in 1703, and left Oxford without taking a degree. He died in 1754. John Upton, 1707-1760, of Merton and Exeter College, edited an Epictetus edition, 1739-1741) (Collation: Vol.1: a-c2, A-N2, P-5I2, 5L-6L2, X1; Vol. 2: pi1, A-2B2, X2, 2C2, 2E2-4C2 (leaf 4C2 blank)) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 152729

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Keywords: (Oude Druk) (Rare Books) Apollonius Rhodius Argonautica Binding Greek literature Greek text Griechische Literatur Hellenistic poetry Hellenistische Poesie antike altertum antiquity epic epos

RHOMAIDES,Ar.

Panorama d'Athènes.

Athens, Rhomaides Frères, 1890. Collotype, a diptych, mounted as a panorama, measuring together 28,5 x 98 cm. The grey photo backing board measures 47,5 x 119 cm. The print is signed in the right lower corner: 'Ar. Rhomaides'. In the left lower corner the title: 'Panorama d'Athènes'. (Note: At the left can be seen the building of 'The National Observatory of Athens', in the middle features the Temple of Theseus, and at the right, first the Old Royal Palace and then the Akropolis. The photograph was made by the Rhomaides Brothers ca. 1890. It provides a clear image of the city's structure at the time. § Interest in travelling to Greece has a long history, from the Roman times till today. The oldest existing Daguerrotypes of Greece were made in 1842 by the French artist and historian of Islamic architecture Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey'. (J. Hannavy, 'Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography', New York 2008, volume 1, p. 618) The English Reverend George Wilson Bridges is among the first to document photographically the city of Athens in 1848, also providing a panoramic view from the Acropolis. The Greek painter Philippos Margaritis opened in 1853 the first professional photographic studio in Athens. The Rhomaides Brothers were the first to systematically portray the architectural physiognomy of modern Athens. 'The Rhomaides Brothers (Konstantinos and Aristoteles) originally from Bucharest, opened a studio in Ioannina and subsequently settled in Patras. In 1875 they undertook the photographing of the excavations at Olympia carried out by the 'German Archaeological Institute'. This collaboration led to their specialising in archaeological photography, which is why they were employed almost exclusively by most of the archaeological schools operating in Greece at the time. They established themselves in Athens in 1876 while retaining, at the same time, their studio at Patras. The Rhomaides brothers also won fame as portrait photographers, recording for posterity many prominent people of their time'. (Idem, ibidem) . The Rhomaides Brothers worked also for the famous German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann. Photographs of his excavations were exhibited at the Paris 'Exposition Universelle' of 1878. § The panoramic view of Athens as recorded by the Rhomaides brothers was sold in different formats; the Getty Research Institue has a collotype of 56 x 20.9 cm and in 2007 the French auction house Piasa auctioned a triptych of the panorama, measuring 146 x 38 cm) (Condition: Some slight wear to the corners of the backing board) (Photographs on request)

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Book number: 155471

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Keywords: (Rare Books) Acropolis Akropolis Athen Athens Greece Griechenland Photographie photography