Classical Period (till AD 500)
Below a list of philosophers who all published a book or books in the field of philosophy.Although many definitions of philosophy do excist, most probably the one of Teichmann and Evans is accepted by most people: "Philosophy is a study of problems which are ultimate, abstract and very general. These problems are concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, morality, reason and human purpose."
Aenesidemus
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad
Anacharsis
Anaxagoras
Anaxarchus
Anaximander
Anaximenes (of Miletus)
Antisthenes
Arcesilaus (of Pitane)
Archimedes
Aristippus (of Cyrene)
Aristotle
Augustine (of Hippo)
Aurelius, Marcus
Buddha
Carneades (of Cirene)
Chrysippus (of Soli)
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Cleanthes
Confucius
Democritus
Demonax
Diogenes, Laertius
Diogenes (of Sinope)
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad
Anacharsis
Anaxagoras
Anaxarchus
Anaximander
Anaximenes (of Miletus)
Antisthenes
Arcesilaus (of Pitane)
Archimedes
Aristippus (of Cyrene)
Aristotle
Augustine (of Hippo)
Aurelius, Marcus
Buddha
Carneades (of Cirene)
Chrysippus (of Soli)
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Cleanthes
Confucius
Democritus
Demonax
Diogenes, Laertius
Diogenes (of Sinope)
Empedocles
Empiricus, Sextus
Epictetus
Epicurus
Eratosthenes (of Cirene)
Euclid (of Megara)
Galen (of Pergamum)
Ge Hong
Gorgias
Heraclitus (of Ephesus)
Hipparchus
Hippias (of Ellis)
Hippocrates (of Cos)
Hypatia (of Alexandria)
Laozi
Leucippus
Lucretius
Marcus Aurelius
Mencius (Mengzi)
Menippus (of Gadara)
Parmenides (of Elea)
Philo Judaeus
Plato
Plotinus
Empiricus, Sextus
Epictetus
Epicurus
Eratosthenes (of Cirene)
Euclid (of Megara)
Galen (of Pergamum)
Ge Hong
Gorgias
Heraclitus (of Ephesus)
Hipparchus
Hippias (of Ellis)
Hippocrates (of Cos)
Hypatia (of Alexandria)
Laozi
Leucippus
Lucretius
Marcus Aurelius
Mencius (Mengzi)
Menippus (of Gadara)
Parmenides (of Elea)
Philo Judaeus
Plato
Plotinus
Plutarchus, Mestrius
Porphyry
Proclus
Prodicus (of Ceos)
Protagoras
Pyrrho (of Elis)
Pythagoras (of Samos)
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Socrates
Sun Tzu
Thales (of Miletus)
Theophrastus (of Eresos)
Thrasymachus
Timon (of Philius)
Vasubandhu
Xenocrates
Xenophanes (of Colophon)
Xenophon
Xunzi
Zeno (of Citium)
Zeno (of Elea)
Zhuangzi
Porphyry
Proclus
Prodicus (of Ceos)
Protagoras
Pyrrho (of Elis)
Pythagoras (of Samos)
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Socrates
Sun Tzu
Thales (of Miletus)
Theophrastus (of Eresos)
Thrasymachus
Timon (of Philius)
Vasubandhu
Xenocrates
Xenophanes (of Colophon)
Xenophon
Xunzi
Zeno (of Citium)
Zeno (of Elea)
Zhuangzi