GRAAF, R. DE - De Mulierum Organis generationi inservientibus. Tractatus Novus: Demonstrans tam homines & animalia caetera omnia, quae vivipara dicunter, haud minus quam ovipera ab ovo originem ducere. Ad Cosmum III, magnum Etruriae ducem.

Lugduni Batavorum (Leiden), Ex Officina Hackiana. 1672. 12mo. W. engr. front., 9 fold. engr. pls. and 18 full page text engrs. (As often without the engr. portrait.). Contemp. full overlapping vellum, spine w. red title shield, gilt lettered. (XXIV, 334, (335 - 336), XIV,II (blank) pp). (Libr. st. on title & 'E.A.Pini' in ink.). DSB V, pp. 484 - 85: 'De Graaf is rightly considered one of the creators of experimental physiology ... the problem of reproduction was vigorously debated around 1665. Many famous writers of the period devoted their works and their speculations to the problem of generation and claimed priority in bitter disputes. Only the name of De Graaf remains.': Hirsch II, 815/16: G&M 1209: Heirs of Hippocrates, 418: 'De Graaf demonstrated ovulation anatomically, pathologically, and experimentally. He opposed the Aristotelian doctrine of the egg being formed in the uterus as a result of activation of the menstrual blood by the male semen, but held that generation takes place from the ovum pre-existent in the ovary. He herein gives the first description of ovarian ("Graafian") follicles and the corpus luteum. His was an advanced and accurate understanding of the anatomy of the female genitalia.': Waller 3669: Norman Coll. I, 926: 'Basing his work upon dissections of ovaries from several mammalian species, [De] Graaf stated that generation takes place from ova pre-existent in the ovary ... He was the first to note the ovary's morphological changes after ovulation, providing the first descriptions of ovarian ("Graafian") follicles and of the corpus luteum, which he correctly depicted as being of a glandular nature. As [De] Graaf did not observe the rupture of the ovarian follicle, he identified it with the mammalian ovum, an error that persisted until 1827 when von Baer discovered the true mammalian egg.': Norman Sale II, 475: Wellcome III, 142: Cushing G 344: Krivatsy 4908: Nordenskiöld, Hist. of biology, pp. 171 - 173: ' ... the explanation he gave of the actual phenomenon of fertilization was of decisive significance for the future development of the knowledge of this phenomenon.': Needham, Hist. of Embryology, (2nd ed. 1959), pp. 162/3: Schierbeek, Jan Swammerdam, 1637 - 1680, His Life and Works, pp. 81 - 84, about the priority disputes.: One of the true classics in the history of the reproductive system.

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